{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:54:19Z","timestamp":1780487659020,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Onychomycosis is a common nail disease that is often difficult to treat with a high risk of recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To update our current understanding of the etiologic profile in pediatric patients with onychomycosis utilizing molecular diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with histopathologic examination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Records of 19,770 unique pediatric patients were retrieved from a single diagnostic laboratory in the United States spanning over a 9\u2010year period (March 2015 to April 2024). This cohort represents patients clinically suspected of onychomycosis seen by dermatologists and podiatrists. Dermatophytes, nondermatophyte molds (NDMs), and yeasts were identified by multiplex real\u2010time PCR corroborated by the demonstration of fungal invasion on histopathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>An average of 37.0% of all patients sampled were mycology\u2010confirmed to have onychomycosis. Most patients were between ages 11 and 16\u2009years, and the rate of mycologically confirmed onychomycosis was significantly higher among the 6\u2010 to 8\u2010year (47.2%) and 9\u2010 to 11\u2010year (42.7%) age groups compared to the 0\u2010 to 5\u2010year (33.1%), 12\u2010 to 14\u2010year (33.2%), and 15\u2010 to 17\u2010year (36.7%) age groups. The majority of infections were caused dermatophytes (74.7%) followed by NDMs (17.4%). The <jats:italic>Trichophyton rubrum<\/jats:italic> complex represents the dominant pathogen with higher detection rates in the 6\u2010 to 11\u2010year\u2010olds. <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> was the most commonly isolated NDM with an increasing prevalence with age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elementary school\u2010aged children have a higher risk of contracting onychomycosis which may be attributed to the onset of hyperhidrosis at puberty, use of occlusive footwear, nail unit trauma, and walking barefoot. <jats:italic>Fusarium<\/jats:italic> onychomycosis may be more prevalent than expected, and this may merit consideration of management strategies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.15785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T05:18:22Z","timestamp":1729315102000},"page":"47-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Onychomycosis in the US Pediatric Population\u2014An\u00a0Emphasis on <i>Fusarium<\/i> Onychomycosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8664-7723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya K.","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto  Toronto Canada"},{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc.  London Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9359-9750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc.  London Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7161-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shruthi","family":"Polla Ravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mediprobe Research Inc.  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