{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:05:45Z","timestamp":1789571145102,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of rare genetic blistering skin diseases, with EB simplex (EBS) being the most common subtype, accounting for around 70% of cases. Although there is no cure for EB, recent advancements led to the historic FDA\u2010approvals of two treatments for dystrophic and junctional EB in 2023 and a third for dystrophic EB in 2025. However, no approved treatments exist for EBS despite its relative prevalence. Here, we outline established and emerging therapies for EBS. Supportive EBS management focuses on five key areas: skin\u2010directed wound care, sweating reduction, keratoderma management, EBS\u2010severe specific considerations, and blister reduction\/prevention. Environmental measures target friction and moisture control to prevent blistering with the proper socks, footwear, and ambulation assistive device use. Wound care strategies include draining blisters without unroofing, nonstick dressing protection, and dilute vinegar or bleach baths to prevent infection and mitigate itch. Absorptive powders, glycopyrrolate, oxybutynin, and botulinum toxin target hyperhidrosis reduction. Painful keratoderma management, while challenging, includes mechanical debridement and topical keratolytic agents; targeted treatments including topical sirolimus have been explored in early phase study. A number of emerging treatments targeting EBS inflammatory pathways under investigation include apremilast, dapsone, diacerein ointment, deucravacitinib, and topical broccoli sprout extract. Tetracycline antibiotics are commonly used off\u2010label for blister prevention. Ongoing bench research and gene\u2010editing techniques like siRNA, TALEN, and CRISPR\u2010Cas9 offer hope for translational advancements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.70147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T23:00:32Z","timestamp":1771801232000},"page":"34-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment Landscape for Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex: A Review of Established and Emerging Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7492-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace B.","family":"Hanrahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts T.H. Chan School of Medicine  Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts T.H. Chan School of Medicine  Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana B.","family":"Reusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts T.H. Chan School of Medicine  Worcester Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce M. C.","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"D.KhannaandA.Bardhan Epidermolysis Bullosa. StatPearls(2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010020\u20100210\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2020.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18921"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18381"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"Debra Occupational Therapy for Children With Epidermolysis Bullosa: A Patient Guide(2019) https:\/\/www.debra.org\/sites\/default\/files\/gethelp\/more%20eb%20guides\/ot\u2010kids\u2010patientguide.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","unstructured":"J.Denyer E.Pillay andJ.Clapham Best Practice Guidelines for Skin and Wound Care in Epidermolysis Bullosa. An International Consensus Wounds International(2017)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525\u20101470.2010.01086.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750\u20101172\u20109\u201076"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13331"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14444"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2024\u2010006587"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15410"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1985.01390270007001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008\u20102217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136190"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12409"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12486"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","volume-title":"GeneReviews((R))","author":"So J. Y.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1984.01650460122035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190\u20109622(82)80109\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0190\u20109622(08)80697\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.13404"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13973"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2008.546"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2016.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102133.2010.09927.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine (US) Evaluation of the Efficacy of Injections of Botulinic Toxin in Plantar Lesions of Patients Suffering From Localized Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex: Double Blind Randomized Controlled Study(2025) https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03453632."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","unstructured":"Medicine NLO Collagenase Santyl Ointment (Package Insert). DailyMed. Accessed December 16 2025(2019) https:\/\/dailymed.nlm.nih.gov\/dailymed\/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6b6fbfc6\u201098fa\u201046aa\u201088ef\u2010ab00fbb08ffd."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.07.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.7108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023\u2010021\u201001896\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700918"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjidi.2022.100096"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.8.981"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.8.997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365\u20102133.2004.05816.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13672"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265\u2010023\u201001935\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljac001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.01.019"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Topical Diacerein Ointment for Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex: A Review","volume":"24","author":"Limmer A. L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Skin Therapy Letter"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750\u20101172\u20108\u201069"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","unstructured":"BioMendics Information for Medical Professionals\u2014Clinical Trials. Accessed Jul 31 2025(2025) https:\/\/biomendics.com\/medical\u2010professionals#clinical\u2010trials\u2010info."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.03.604"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.66678"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","unstructured":"BPG Bio Clinical Trials\u2014Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB). Accessed July 31 2025(2025) https:\/\/bpgbio.com\/clinical\u2010trials\/epidermolysis\u2010bullosa\u2010eb\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070123"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000247306"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16301"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19646"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16897"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.15373"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403\u2010022\u201002325\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179495"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_1","volume-title":"Deucravacitinib. StatPearls","author":"Kalola U. K.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023\u2010020\u201001419\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_1","unstructured":"U.S. Government Publishing Office Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations \u00a7 347.10. eCFR. Accessed September 29 2025(2025) https:\/\/www.ecfr.gov\/current\/title\u201021\/chapter\u2010I\/subchapter\u2010D\/part\u2010347\/subpart\u2010B\/section\u2010347.10."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706486104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12821"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.05.1088"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346\u20108138.17037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.258409"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2009.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17075"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2017.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/crispr.2021.0132"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.11.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2010.102"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pde.70147","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/pde.70147","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/pde.70147","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T14:47:53Z","timestamp":1789570073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/pde.70147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/pde.70147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pde.70147","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-8046","1525-1470"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-8046","type":"print"},{"value":"1525-1470","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}