{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T10:47:57Z","timestamp":1779101277417,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]],"date-time":"2013-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Biotin plays an important role as a covalently bound coenzyme for carboxylases. Carnitine is essential in \u03b2\u2010oxidation to transport long\u2010chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The present study was conducted to assess the risk of biotin and carnitine deficiencies in preterm infants who received enteral feeding with maternal milk and\/or standard infant formula made in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010six infants were enrolled in the study. Urine and serum samples and dried blood spots were collected at 1 week and 1 month of age. Additionally, samples were collected at 40 and 44 weeks post\u2010menstrual age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMA<\/jats:styled-content>) in preterm infants. Free carnitine and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C5\u2010OH<\/jats:styled-content> acylcarnitine, which consist of 3\u2010hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine as a major isomer, were measured in serum samples and dried blood spots using tandem mass spectrometry. Urine 3\u2010hydroxyisovaleric acid (3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIVA<\/jats:styled-content>) was measured using gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The free carnitine levels in preterm infants were significantly lower than those in term infants, but increased with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMA<\/jats:styled-content> in serum samples and dried blood spots. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C5\u2010OH<\/jats:styled-content> acylcarnitine and urinary 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIVA<\/jats:styled-content> levels, which were very low in term infants, were increased with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMA<\/jats:styled-content> in preterm infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present results may indicate chronic biotin deficiency in preterm infants fed maternal milk and\/or standard infant formula. Analyses of carnitine profiles of dried blood spots and urine 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIVA<\/jats:styled-content> are relatively non\u2010invasive and useful for the early detection of biotin deficiency in preterm infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,14]],"date-time":"2013-01-14T14:16:31Z","timestamp":1358172991000},"page":"342-345","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Biotin and carnitine profiles in preterm infants in <scp>J<\/scp>apan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Shuko","family":"Tokuriki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisako","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Okuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kikuko","family":"Yoshioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Kawakita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genrei","family":"Ohta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikue","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Shigematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusei","family":"Ohshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Fukui  Fukui Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1983.63.4.1420"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.22.121101.112819"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8700","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)43556-9","article-title":"Significance of renal gamma\u2010butyrobetaine hydroxylase for carnitine biosynthesis in man","volume":"255","author":"Rebouche CJ","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652039809374689"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198407000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"481","article-title":"Plasma free carnitine concentration in sick very\u2010low\u2010birth\u2010weight infants. Serial change from the first day to the 4th months of age","volume":"24","author":"Ohyama M","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Soc. Neonatol."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Carnitine and its supplement to premature infant","volume":"63","author":"Murakami R","year":"1988","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.002543"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-010-9111-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198012000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"152","volume":"23","author":"Scaglia F","year":"1999","journal-title":"."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211334"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024015227863"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607184008003311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.51.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.57.2.278"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fped.12053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.12053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T18:55:12Z","timestamp":1697309712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ped.12053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ped.12053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.12053","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1328-8067","1442-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1328-8067","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}}}