{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,3]],"date-time":"2025-08-03T22:54:42Z","timestamp":1754261682433},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]],"date-time":"2013-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The challenge for anesthetic management for children with craniofacial deformities is to develop comprehensive anesthetic care. The purposes of this study were to review the authors\u2019 experience with airway management and ventilator support and evaluate outcome during the perioperative period among these patients at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>awanchai <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>enter, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>rinagarind <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective (2005\u20132009), descriptive study was conducted to analyze the anesthetic management and perioperative outcomes among children with craniofacial deformities at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>awanchai <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>enter. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>echniques for airway management included direct laryngoscope (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DL<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DL<\/jats:styled-content> with stylet, fiber\u2010optic bronchoscope (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOB<\/jats:styled-content>), laryngeal mask airway, retrograde intubation, a combination of these techniques and more than one anesthesiologist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010five children with craniofacial deformities were classified as having the following: craniosynostosis; craniofacial microsomia; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>reacher\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ollins syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCS<\/jats:styled-content>); coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia choanae, retarded growth and\/or development, genital and\/or urinary abnormalities, ear abnormalities and deafness (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHARGE)<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome; frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocele; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>ierre <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>obin sequence; and craniofacial cleft. Most of the patients underwent induction of anesthesia by inhalation of an anesthetic agent. The children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TCS<\/jats:styled-content> were the most difficult group with regard to airway management with DL view (13%), and multiple airway accessories and intubation techniques were needed. The two most common methods for management of difficult airway obstructions were the use of stylet and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOB<\/jats:styled-content>. No complications occurred during intubation and minor complications were observed during the perioperative period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A successful outcome depended on the provision of interdisciplinary craniofacial team management, comprehensive anesthetic evaluation and management, well\u2010informed and cooperative children and supportive family members.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T02:59:14Z","timestamp":1362538754000},"page":"360-365","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Outcome of anesthetic management for children with craniofacial deformities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Akkharawat","family":"Sinkueakunkit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Khon Kean University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bowornsilp","family":"Chowchuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Khon Kean University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chonrat","family":"Kantanabat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Khon Kean University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wimonrat","family":"Sriraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Khon Kean University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malinee","family":"Wongswadiwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Khon Kean University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piyaporn","family":"Bunsangjaroen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Khon Kean University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarinya","family":"Chantawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Khon Kean University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aumjit","family":"Wittayapairoj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Khon Kean University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1726-4901(09)70409-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9592.2003.01200.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Anaesthesia and craniofacial surgery","volume":"40","author":"Karapurkar SA","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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