{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:27:02Z","timestamp":1782386822011,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]],"date-time":"2013-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Renal calyceal microlithiasis refers to a hyperechogenic spot in renal calyces &lt;3\u2009mm in diameter detected on renal sonography. These spots possibly represent the first step in calculus formation. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation, predisposing factors, prognosis and clinical importance of these hyperechogenic spots in renal calyces, renal calyceal microlithiasis, during childhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data of 292 children (135 girls, 157 boys) with microlithiasis diagnosed between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>anuary 1998 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>ecember 2010 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, serum biochemistry, urinary metabolic factors, and renal sonography results were obtained from patient files. A total of 228 patients were re\u2010evaluated at least 6\u2009months after the first observation of renal calyceal microlithiasis and at 6\u201312\u2009month intervals thereafter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean age was 16.8\u2009\u00b1\u200914.9\u2009months, and mean follow\u2010up duration was 14.6\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9\u2009months. Presenting symptoms were abdominal or flank pain (41.1%), hematuria (35.6%), dysuria (24.7%) and urinary tract infection (34.6%). Previous ultrasounds were normal in 35% of the children. Metabolic and anatomic abnormalities were found in 55.5% and 17.8%, respectively. Hypercalciuria was the most common metabolic abnormality (88.9%). Among 228 patients who had been re\u2010evaluated, microlithiasis disappeared in 37.7%; decreased in number or size in 23.7%; progressed to renal stone formation in 10.6%; increased in number of microlithiasis in 19.0%; and remained unchanged on radiology in 9.0%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Renal calyceal microlithiasis represents a spectrum of clinical situations and underlying metabolic abnormalities that need further investigation in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,7]],"date-time":"2013-08-07T01:59:52Z","timestamp":1375840792000},"page":"731-736","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical importance of renal calyceal microlithiasis in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Ilmay","family":"Bilge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Department Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alev","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Department Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sinan M","family":"Kayiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Istanbul American Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevinc","family":"Emre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Department Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alev","family":"Kadioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ALKA Radiology Clinic  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ensar","family":"Yekeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Radiology Department Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysegul","family":"Sucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Department Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aydan","family":"Sirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Nephrology Department Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-005-1861-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050440"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289903800904"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0096(199910)27:8<433::AID-JCU4>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-04883-5.50039-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67487-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00860926"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1991.tb15110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1159\/000474506","article-title":"Etiological and clinical patterns of urolithiasis in Turkish children","volume":"31","author":"Oner A","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. 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