{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:20:39Z","timestamp":1787016039066,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]],"date-time":"2014-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"2012 Danone Institute of Japan Foundation Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Although rectal bleeding in infancy (\n RBI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is not a rare phenomenon, the clinical course of\n RBI<\/jats:styled-content>\n is not fully understood.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate the outcome and pathogenesis of\n RBI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , especially when concomitant with food\u2010protein\u2010induced proctocolitis (\n FPIP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and neonatal transient eosinophilic colitis (\n NTEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), 22 neonates with rectal bleeding with\n FPIP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n NTEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n from\n J<\/jats:styled-content>\n anuary 2008 to\n J<\/jats:styled-content>\n une 2012 were enrolled and their clinical course and mechanisms of inflammation were examined.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirteen infants showed rectal bleeding after feeding and were diagnosed with\n FPIP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and nine infants showed rectal bleeding before feeding and were diagnosed with\n NTEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Elevated peripheral white blood cell (12\u2009685 \u00b1 3754\/\u03bcl and 30\u2009978 \u00b1 16\u2009166\/\u03bcl) and eosinophil (1084 \u00b1 816\/\u03bcl and 4456 \u00b1 3341\/\u03bcl) were confirmed in\n FPIP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n NTEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n , respectively. Colonoscopy revealed nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, a pale mucosal surface and oozing with diffuse infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in both groups. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed enhanced expression of the interleukin\u20106,\n \n CCL11<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n \n CXCL13<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n genes, where\n \n CXCL13<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n expression was more prominent in\n FPIP<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Mucosal infiltration by\n CD3<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010 and immunoglobulin\u2010\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010 but not immunoglobulin\u2010\n E<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010positive cells was confirmed. Among them, only one infant with\n FPIP<\/jats:styled-content>\n developed milk allergy, whereas none with\n NTEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n had developed milk allergy at the age of 1 year.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n FPIP<\/jats:styled-content>\n in infancy and\n NTEC<\/jats:styled-content>\n are similar diseases and interleukin\u20106,\n \n CCL11<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n \n CXCL13<\/jats:roman>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n may play a major role in the pathogenesis of rectal bleeding. Although the involvement of allergic reaction is possible, milk allergy was not a common outcome after 1 year of follow up.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,21]],"date-time":"2014-04-21T07:34:38Z","timestamp":1398065678000},"page":"884-890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Outcome of infants presenting rectal bleeding: A retrospective study in a single institution"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Mari","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Ohtsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asuka","family":"Ishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Jimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eisuke","family":"Inage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yo","family":"Aoyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuyo","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.22.11.394","article-title":"Causes of rectal bleeding in children","volume":"22","author":"Lawrence WW","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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