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The only environmental difference between the co\u2010twins was head injury, which may be associated with the presence of narcolepsy. The co\u2010twin was extroverted, sociable, reliable, and dexterous. In contrast, the patient could be described as introverted, gentle, honest and persevering, but was weak at conversation, assessment of a situation, memory, planning, activity (she was inactive), a sense of time, understanding of an analog clock, operating efficiency, and physical education (due to obesity). The sisters showed the same degree of appetite and dexterity with their fingers. Narcolepsy is often under\u2010recognized or underdiagnosed, especially when the onset occurs in childhood. When we observe preschoolers with excessive daytime sleepiness, we should consider the possibility of narcolepsy with cataplexy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]],"date-time":"2014-10-22T06:49:30Z","timestamp":1413960570000},"page":"789-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Case of early childhood\u2010onset narcolepsy with cataplexy: Comparison with a monozygotic co\u2010twin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Health Biosciences The University of Tokushima Graduate School  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Health Biosciences The University of Tokushima Graduate School  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Health Biosciences The University of Tokushima Graduate School  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Goji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Health Biosciences The University of Tokushima Graduate School  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoji","family":"Kagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Institute of Health Biosciences The University of Tokushima Graduate School  Tokushima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"1728","article-title":"A case of early childhood\u2010onset narcolepsy","volume":"116","author":"Ito H","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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