{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T16:18:19Z","timestamp":1756570699873},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]],"date-time":"2015-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kanagawa Prefectural HospitalsChild Health Care and Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title><jats:bold>Abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined differences in characteristics between abusive head trauma (AHT) and physical abuse (PA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined 45 AHT patients and 119 PA patients during the period 1 April 2000\u201331 March 2014, at Kanagawa Children's Medical Center (Kanagawa, Japan). We compared patient age, young maternal or parental age, being the first child, child factors (chronic illness, developmental disabilities and preterm birth), parental factors (substance abuse\/alcohol abuse and depression or other mental illness), environmental factors (single\u2010parent home, non\u2010biologically related man living in the home and family or intimate partner violence). Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of differences between AHT and PA for children &lt;1\u2009year of age.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were differences in characteristics between AHT and PA in those &lt;1\u2009year old in child factors (OR, 3.47; 95%CI: 1.01\u201311.9) and environmental factors (OR, 14.2; 95%CI: 1.45\u2013139).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The risk factors for AHT differ from those of PA. We speculate that AHT is not merely physical abuse of young infants; the characteristics of AHT differ significantly from those of PA. These observations are important for understanding and thereby preventing child abuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,24]],"date-time":"2015-03-24T19:01:47Z","timestamp":1427223707000},"page":"845-848","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Differences between abusive head trauma and physical abuse in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Koji","family":"Tanoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center  Mutsukawa Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center  Mutsukawa Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03130-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.6.872","article-title":"Shaken baby syndrome: Inflicted cerebral trauma","volume":"92","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.5.621"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(87)90015-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Childhood head injuries: Accidental or inflicted?","volume":"154","author":"Reece RM","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. 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