{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T01:26:43Z","timestamp":1784165203338,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]],"date-time":"2016-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The immunological changes in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis have been found to be similar to the immunological changes in adults with post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The biological consequences of and immunological disruptions associated with psychological trauma in sexually abused adolescents were investigated in this study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Number of peripheral blood cells, intracellular cytokine level and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells were measured on routine blood examination samples in adolescents aged 13\u201318 referred to the outpatient unit for forensic evaluation. Forty\u2010three adolescents (patients with present\/lifetime PTSD [PTSD\u2010P\/PTSD\u2010L] associated with a history of childhood sexual abuse, n = 33; and 10 controls) were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eosinophil percentage was high (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), whereas stimulated intracellular interferon\u2010\u03b3 was low (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) in adolescents with PTSD\u2010L compared with the control group. In PTSD\u2010P patients exposed to repeated sexual abuse, CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> HLA\u2010DR<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010lymphocyte count was low (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) compared with those with one\u2010time sexual abuse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The increase in some immune system parameters and the decrease in several others, suggests a dysregulation of the immune system related to trauma in adolescents. Dysregulation of the immune system is known to cause autoimmune and chronic disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,30]],"date-time":"2015-07-30T06:07:36Z","timestamp":1438236456000},"page":"105-112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Immune system changes after sexual abuse in adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Hamza","family":"Ayaydin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osman","family":"Abali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilgun Okumus","family":"Akdeniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute for Experimental Medicine (DETAE) Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burcu Ece","family":"Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adem","family":"Gunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical Faculty Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdurrahman","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Istanbul Memorial Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnur","family":"Deniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute for Experimental Medicine (DETAE) Istanbul University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90026-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6163.2009.00229.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Overview of Immunity. 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