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NDM is classified into two categories clinically. One is transient NDM (TNDM), in which insulin secretion is spontaneously recovered by several months of age, but sometimes recurs later, and the other is permanent NDM (PNDM), requiring lifelong medication. Recent molecular analysis of NDM identified at least 12 genetic abnormalities: chromosome 6q24, <jats:italic>KCNJ11<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> ABCC8<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> INS<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> FOXP3<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> GCK<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> IPF1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> PTF1A<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> EIF2AK3<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> GLUT2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> HNF1\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>GLIS3<\/jats:italic>. Of these, imprinting defects on chromosome 6q24 and the <jats:italic>KCNJ11<\/jats:italic> mutation have been recognized as the major causes of TNDM and PNDM, respectively, in Caucasian subjects. Although the pathogenesis and epidemiology of NDM in Japan seem to be clinically distinct, they are still unclear. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and genetic etiology in Japanese patients with NDM compared with the data on Caucasian patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T15:46:34Z","timestamp":1478187994000},"page":"129-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and genetic etiology of neonatal diabetes in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Nagashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuya","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto 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