{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T22:45:09Z","timestamp":1774478709460,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]],"date-time":"2017-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urethral prolapse (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UP<\/jats:styled-content>) in children is a rare condition and has commonly been reported in black girls. The aim of this study was to clarify the status of medical management for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UP<\/jats:styled-content> in Japanese children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A secondary data analysis was conducted in Japanese children \u226415\u00a0years old with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UP<\/jats:styled-content>. The relationship between initial treatment approach and outcome was investigated, with symptom persistence or recurrence defined as treatment failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 77 cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UP<\/jats:styled-content> in Japanese children reported since 1972, initial surgical treatment was performed in 42 cases (55%) and non\u2010surgical treatment in 35 cases (45%). Underlying conditions constituting possible causative factors were present in 26 cases (34%) in total. Treatment outcome was evaluated in 59 cases (surgical treatment, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a028; non\u2010surgical treatment, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a031) during a median follow\u2010up period of 10\u00a0months. The rate of treatment failure was significantly higher in the non\u2010surgical (81%, 25\/31) than in the surgical treatment group (18%, 5\/28; risk ratio, 4.2; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.0\u20138.9; <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). Topical estrogen cream, a standard management worldwide, is not available as a prescription drug in Japan, and therefore was able to be used in only seven cases (20%) in the non\u2010surgical treatment group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surgical treatment is more effective than non\u2010surgical treatment in Japanese children, but both failure rates are high compared with that in non\u2010Asian children. Drug approval revision for prescription use of estrogen cream, centralizing treatment to specialized facilities, and an active policy of surgical management in cases of non\u2010surgical treatment failure may improve treatment outcomes for pediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UP<\/jats:styled-content> in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,25]],"date-time":"2016-12-25T03:47:25Z","timestamp":1482637645000},"page":"578-582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Clinical characteristics of urethral prolapse in Japanese children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Takahito","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center Beppu Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center Beppu Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)62499-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)45530-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(37)90065-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.10.063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(97)90596-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.1993.tb03050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-015-0518-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181867bad"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(94)02305-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198208000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49845-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(93)90565-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00171169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006565-199508000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(99)00040-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00311-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10752.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2013.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.148139"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-200X.2002.01641.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"370","volume-title":"Diseases of the Kidney, Ureters and Bladder","author":"Kelly HA","year":"1914"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fped.13226","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fped.13226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.13226","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ped.13226","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.13226","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T03:36:34Z","timestamp":1694057794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ped.13226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ped.13226"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.13226","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1328-8067","1442-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1328-8067","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,30]]}}}