{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:13:37Z","timestamp":1780488817938,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health Labor Science Research Grant","award":["200926060A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200926060A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>As treatment outcomes for congenital heart disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>) have improved, the social independence of adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content> patients has become a key goal. The aims of this study were therefore to (i) determine the relationship between social independence and psychological profile, and (ii) identify patient anxieties, difficulties, and demands related to life in society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 143 patients aged \u226515\u00a0years with physical disability certificates were selected using a questionnaire distributed by a patients' association. Each participant was asked about employment status, income, and receipt of disability pension as a social independence index, and about financial and psychological distress as a psychological status index. Furthermore, each participant was asked to freely describe his or her difficulties, anxieties, and needs pertaining to life in society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subjects were 15\u201373\u00a0years old. Seventy\u2010one (50%) were female, and 94 (66%) had a grade 1 physical disability certificate. Fifty\u2010nine subjects (41%) were employed, 37 (26%) were unemployed, and 45 (31%) were students. Of those employed, 34 subjects (58%) reported annual individual income \u22642 million yen. Frequent hospital visits, low total household income, low individual annual income, work dissatisfaction, and receipt of a disability pension were associated with poorer psychological profile. In an open description section, subjects expressed desires for better pension systems, support for medical fees, and employment support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because financial issues can adversely affect the psychological profiles of adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, enhancement of social welfare and employment support may improve their social independence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T21:42:42Z","timestamp":1487194962000},"page":"675-681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Social independence of adult congenital heart disease patients in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1034-2122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryota","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Nursing University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukitaka","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Social Studies Wayo Women's University Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology National Medical Center for Children and Mothers Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Cardiology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Parents' Association of Heart Disease Children","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq249"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"KurosawaH AkagiT IshizawaRet\u00a0al.Guidelines for Management of Congenital Heart Diseases in Adults (JCS 2006). [Cited 5 March 2011.] Available from URL:http:\/\/www.j-circ.or.jp\/guideline\/pdf\/JCS2006_kurosawa_h.pdf(in Japanese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Social concern and independence in adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"39","author":"Niwa K","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"302","article-title":"Grown\u2010up congenital heart disease\u2010current status and problems in social life in Japan","volume":"29","author":"Tejima H","year":"1997","journal-title":"Shinzo"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Education and insurability of adults with congenital heart disease","volume":"19","author":"Niwa K","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol. Card. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Employment for adults after repair of cyanotic congenital heart disease","volume":"19","author":"Sakazaki H","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol. Card. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Current status and problems of social independence in adult patients with congenital heart disease: factors inhibiting independence and differences between men and women in marriage and parenthood","volume":"19","author":"Akagi T","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol. Card. Surg."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"74","article-title":"Negative factors in caring for adult congenital heart disease patients and proposal for a system of pregnancy and delivery","volume":"19","author":"Dodo H","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol. Card. 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Pract."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"The process of change in the appreciation of illness by adults with congenital heart disease: a qualitative study","volume":"42","author":"Ochiai R","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Nurs. 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