{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T18:37:45Z","timestamp":1790447865084,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009158","name":"Kawasaki Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["28B-68"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["28B-68"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009158","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study measured cell\u2010mediated immunity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content>) and serum antibody to clarify the basis of breakthrough after vaccination and reinfection after mumps.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From a pool of 54 college students, 17 seronegative subjects and 14 subjects with intermediate level of antibodies against mumps were vaccinated with a monovalent mumps vaccine, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed using interferon\u2010\u03b3 release assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content> positivity according to pre\u2010existing antibody level, defined as titer &lt;2.0 index units, negative; 2.0\u20133.9 index units, intermediate; and \u22654.0 index units, positive, was 8\/17 (47.1%), 9\/14 (64.3%) and 19\/23 (82.6%) before vaccination, respectively. Of the 17 seronegative subjects, seven (41.2%) had a history of vaccination and\/or natural infection, four (57.1%) of whom were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content> positive or intermediate. Ten (71%) of 14 subjects with intermediate antibody level had a history of vaccination or natural infection, eight (80%) of whom were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content> positive or intermediate. After vaccination the interferon (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010\u03b3 and antibody titers increased significantly, but seven (41.2%) of the 17 seronegative subjects and 13 (92.9%) of the 14 intermediate\u2010level subjects tested positive for both antibody and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content>. In a comparison of the natural infection group (confirmed as IgG seropositive and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CMI<\/jats:styled-content> positive without vaccination) versus the vaccination group, IgG antibody titer (mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>) was 14.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a08.0 versus 3.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.4 index units (<jats:italic>P\u00a0&lt;\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 was 122.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a090.0\u00a0pg\/mL versus 59.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a037.8\u00a0pg\/mL (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&gt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.05), respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaccination or even natural mumps infection did not always induce both cellular and humoral immunity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,22]],"date-time":"2017-04-22T14:06:42Z","timestamp":1492870002000},"page":"885-890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cellular and humoral immunity after vaccination or natural mumps infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2071-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kihei","family":"Terada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimiko","family":"Hagihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ippei","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroto","family":"Akaike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoko","family":"Ogita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Ohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunobu","family":"Ouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kawasaki Medical School Kurashiki Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Mumps epidemic \u2013 United Kingdom, 2004\u20132005","volume":"55","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Infection (CDC)","year":"2006","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. 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