{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T19:53:16Z","timestamp":1787601196399,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sex on survival and short\u2010term outcomes of very low\u2010birthweight infants (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VLBWI<\/jats:styled-content>) born in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VLBWI<\/jats:styled-content> who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units participating in the Neonatal Research Network of Japan, between 2003 and 2012. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality or any major morbidity, including neurologic injury, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>), necrotizing enterocolitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEC<\/jats:styled-content>), or retinopathy of prematurity requiring treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The composite primary outcome was worse in male infants. Male infants were also more likely to develop <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>. This difference reached statistical significance in neonates born at \u226526 weeks of gestation. In contrast, significant difference in the incidence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEC<\/jats:styled-content> was more likely to be seen at 23\u201325 weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male neonates are more likely to die and are at a higher risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal complications than female neonates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,6]],"date-time":"2017-05-06T07:22:42Z","timestamp":1494055362000},"page":"898-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Role of sex in morbidity and mortality of very premature neonates"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Masato","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University Kawagoe Saitama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Akita University School of Medicine Akita City Akita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University Kawagoe Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6137-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Namba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University Kawagoe Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Neonatal Research Network of Japan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.48.6.902"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.83.3.F182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1284225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2009.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000192341.67078.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa073059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1268239"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02623620"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.2.466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2005.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2012.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-195301000-00041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Pathology of the placenta, membranes, and umbilical cord in bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in man","volume":"22","author":"Blanc WA","year":"1981","journal-title":"Monogr. 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