{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T12:08:03Z","timestamp":1771934883660,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]],"date-time":"2018-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1515024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Congenital rubella syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>) has many severe neurological manifestations and other systemic consequences. Although various studies have been done in Indonesia, there are no conclusive results on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>incidence. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the incidence, clinical manifestations and outcomes of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A descriptive study involving a review of congenital anomalies associated with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>was carried out at Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, from July 2008 to June 2013.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>was categorized according to the World Health Organization (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WHO<\/jats:styled-content>) classification. This study involved children aged &lt;1\u00a0year old, and was conducted at the outpatient clinic, pediatric and neonatology wards.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 201 children met the criteria for suspected<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>during the 5\u00a0year study. Of those patients, 6% were classified as having laboratory\u2010confirmed<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>, 21.4% as having clinically compatible<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>, and 72.6% as having discarded<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>(i.e. a suspected case that does not meet the criteria for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>). The estimated incidence of laboratory\u2010confirmed<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>and laboratory\u2010confirmed and clinically compatible<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>in Yogyakarta, Indonesia during the study period was 0.05:1,000 and 0.25:1,000 live births, respectively. Of the laboratory\u2010confirmed<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>patients, 83.3% of children had congenital heart disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>), 75% had hearing impairment, 66.7% had congenital cataract and 50% had microcephaly. Furthermore, none of the mothers was vaccinated against rubella.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>in infants in Yogyakarta Indonesia is considered high, with most clinical manifestations being<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHD<\/jats:styled-content>, hearing impairment and congenital cataract. This emphasizes the necessity for epidemiological study of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRS<\/jats:styled-content>in other hospitals and the importance of establishing a national rubella vaccination program in Indonesia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T11:52:37Z","timestamp":1508932357000},"page":"168-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical profile of congenital rubella syndrome in Yogyakarta, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2571-8310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth S.","family":"Herini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada\/Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4707-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Gunadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Division Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada\/Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agung","family":"Triono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada\/Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fita","family":"Wirastuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada\/UGM Academic Hospital Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristy","family":"Iskandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada\/UGM Academic Hospital Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niprida","family":"Mardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indonesia World Health Organization Jakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yati","family":"Soenarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada\/Dr Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"521","article-title":"Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome control and elimination \u2013 global progress, 2012","volume":"88","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol. 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