{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T09:18:29Z","timestamp":1769851109882,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]],"date-time":"2018-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1537920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance is a concern to public health, and controlling antibiotic use is therefore important. This study analyzed the trend in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in children and adolescents in Korea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using National Prescribing Sample data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014, we analyzed outpatient systemic antibiotic (anatomical therapeutic chemical [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATC<\/jats:styled-content>] J01) prescriptions in patients aged 2\u201317\u00a0years. The antibiotic rate was defined as the proportion of all outpatient prescriptions for antibiotics. We calculated absolute and relative differences with 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> between 2010 and 2014 in the antibiotic rate by age group (2\u20136, 7\u201311, and 12\u201317\u00a0years) and the percentage of antibiotic prescriptions by antibiotic class. Seven of the most commonly used antibiotic drugs were identified based on defined daily dose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 7\u00a0261\u00a0176 prescriptions were written for 1\u00a0039\u00a0756 pediatric patients between 2010 and 2014. The antibiotic rate in all patients increased from 34.8% in 2010 to 70.4% in 2014, resulting in the relative difference of 102.1% (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 101.7\u2013102.5). Extended spectrum penicillins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic class, accounting for 40.0\u201341.0% of all antibiotic prescriptions. The use of third\u2010generation cephalosporins increased steeply with the relative difference of 55.7% (95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 55.2\u201356.2). Amoxicillin\/clavulanate, an extended spectrum antibiotic drug, was the predominately used antibiotic drug but the use of cefpodoxime, a third\u2010generation cephalosporin, increased by 96%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of outpatient antibiotics, especially third\u2010generation cephalosporins, has increased in children and adolescents in Korea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T11:24:41Z","timestamp":1530098681000},"page":"803-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Increased use of third\u2010generation cephalosporin antibiotics in the outpatient setting in Korean children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Inmyung","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0542-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Jun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong Jun","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young\u2010June","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health Seoul National University Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1010-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju\u2010Young","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7054.387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10410"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-12-96"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2014.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2016.48.3.151"},{"issue":"239","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Antibiotic use in children: A cross\u2010national analysis of 6 countries","volume":"182","author":"Youngster I","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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