{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T14:30:52Z","timestamp":1779114652410,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]],"date-time":"2019-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. in the maternal genitourinary tract has come to attention as a cause of preterm labor, spontaneous abortion, chorioamnionitis and adverse outcomes. A few controversies, however, still remain, namely, whether it should be treated aggressively or not. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal azithromycin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZ<\/jats:styled-content>) treatment for <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> colonization on neonatal morbidities including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective case\u2013control study of preterm babies delivered at \u226430\u00a0weeks of gestational age (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content>) from 2012 to 2016 was conducted. Infants whose mothers had confirmed <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> colonization and treatment with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZ<\/jats:styled-content> (m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZ<\/jats:styled-content>, cases) were matched by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content> to control subjects whose mothers did not have <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> colonization. A subgroup analysis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nUU<\/jats:styled-content>(+), infants with neonatal respiratory <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> colonization; <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nUU<\/jats:styled-content>(\u2013), infants without colonization) was also performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010five control subjects were matched to 110\u00a0m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZ<\/jats:styled-content> subjects. The incidence of preterm premature rupture of membranes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) and of moderate\u2013severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.010) was significantly higher in the m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZ<\/jats:styled-content> group. On subgroup analysis with post\u2010hoc analysis (m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZ<\/jats:styled-content> + <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nUU<\/jats:styled-content>(+) [I, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 55] vs m\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZ<\/jats:styled-content> + <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nUU<\/jats:styled-content>(\u2013) [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:italic> n<\/jats:italic> = 55] vs controls [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 55]), the incidence of moderate\u2013severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> was significantly different: 26% (I) vs 22% (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>) vs 7% (controls), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.033.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> colonization was associated with moderate\u2013severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> despite the use of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZ<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. In addition, if the neonatal respiratory tract was colonized, then moderate\u2013severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> developed even with maternal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZ<\/jats:styled-content> treatment. Hence, selective antenatal and postnatal treatment of <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> colonization would be needed to control <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BPD<\/jats:styled-content> development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,21]],"date-time":"2018-11-21T07:55:20Z","timestamp":1542786920000},"page":"58-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of antenatal azithromycin for <i>Ureaplasma spp<\/i>. on neonatal outcome at \u226430 weeks' gestational age"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Sung\u2010Ha","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hallym University Medical Center Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyoung","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hallym University Medical Center Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keun\u2010Hyeok","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hallym University Medical Center Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5406-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae\u2010Jung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hallym University Medical Center Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-303351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0858-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.4.e45"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.pdr.0000228322.73777.05"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000363493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00091-16","article-title":"The human Ureaplasma species as causative agents of chorioamnionitis","volume":"1","author":"Sweeney EL","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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