{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T22:39:13Z","timestamp":1793313553425,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,26]],"date-time":"2019-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Neonatal Research Network, Japan"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In perinatal medicine, inhaled nitric oxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNO<\/jats:styled-content>) has been an important tool for the treatment of full\u2010term and late\u2010preterm infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPHN<\/jats:styled-content>) and hypoxemic respiratory failure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRF<\/jats:styled-content>). Its use in more premature infants, however, is controversial. To evaluate the current clinical practices regarding use of acute <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNO<\/jats:styled-content> in extremely preterm infants, a nationwide survey was conducted in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A questionnaire survey was conducted from May to September, 2015. Questionnaires about <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPHN<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNO<\/jats:styled-content> treatment were sent to the doctor in charge of the neonatal care unit in 213 perinatal medical centers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMC<\/jats:styled-content>) that possessed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNO<\/jats:styled-content> equipment in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 143 of the 213 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMC<\/jats:styled-content> provided responses (67.1%). A diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPHN<\/jats:styled-content> was made exclusively on echocardiography in all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMC<\/jats:styled-content>. On definitive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPHN<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNO<\/jats:styled-content> was selected in the majority of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMC<\/jats:styled-content> (72%) and started from \u226410 p.p.m. in most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PMC<\/jats:styled-content> (49.7%) for extremely preterm infants. During <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNO<\/jats:styled-content> therapy, cardiac function was checked on echocardiography by a neonatologist every \u22648\u00a0h. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNO<\/jats:styled-content> weaning was started when differential peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) disappeared, or when SpO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> reached 100% and so on. After <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">iNO<\/jats:styled-content> concentration reached 5\u00a0p.p.m., it was decreased gradually and carefully in five steps, taking 12\u201324\u00a0h to go from 5 to 0 p.p.m.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inhaled nitric oxide was predominantly used in extremely preterm infants as early rescue therapy for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPHN<\/jats:styled-content> based on echocardiography performed by a neonatologist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T04:39:44Z","timestamp":1544157584000},"page":"152-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Standardization of nitric oxide inhalation in extremely preterm infants in 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehiko","family":"Hiroma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Nagano Children's Hospital Azumino Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital Hamamatsu Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Nagoya City West Medical Center Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Oshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Yoshimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatology Hyogo 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