{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T01:52:45Z","timestamp":1747187565678,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]],"date-time":"2019-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Japan, blood cultures for children are performed by pediatric residents, and povidone\u2010iodine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>) is the recommended solution for skin preparation. Given that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> needs to be applied for 1.5\u20132\u00a0min before venipuncture, skin preparation may be suboptimal if this is not followed. In this study, we investigated the blood culture contamination rate after skin preparation with only 70% isopropyl alcohol (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPA<\/jats:styled-content>) or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPA<\/jats:styled-content> plus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a retrospective study of patients aged \u22646\u00a0years who provided blood cultures in the emergency department or pediatric ward. Patients with indwelling central venous catheter were excluded. We evaluated the impact of changing the method of skin preparation, comparing the traditional method using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPA<\/jats:styled-content> plus <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> between 2008 and 2010 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPA<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> group) with the simplified method using only <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPA<\/jats:styled-content> between 2015 and 2017 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPA<\/jats:styled-content> group).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5,365 blood culture samples were eligible for this study. Of these, 171 (3.2%) had an organism identified in blood culture. Of the blood culture\u2010positive samples, 68 (1.3%) were true positive and 103 (1.9%) were contaminated. Thirty\u2010eight (1.6%) of 2,407 cultures in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPA<\/jats:styled-content> group were contaminated, whereas 65 (2.2%) of 2,958 cultures in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPA<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content> group were contaminated (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>, 0.72; 95%<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.48\u20131.07; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.1). Coagulase\u2010negative <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> grew significantly less in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPA<\/jats:styled-content> group (1.7% vs 1.0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A single application of 70% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IPA<\/jats:styled-content> may be the optimal skin preparation method for obtaining peripheral blood cultures from children in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T04:43:16Z","timestamp":1559882596000},"page":"647-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Skin preparation for prevention of peripheral blood culture contamination in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-731X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshifumi","family":"Yodoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Okinawa Chubu Hospital Okinawa Japan"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ran D","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department of Pediatrics BC Children's Hospital Research Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31820d652b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2275-2278.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2014.57.4.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02162-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2011.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00062-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000220228.01382.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"506","article-title":"Blood cultures best practice","volume":"24","author":"Abe A","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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