{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T15:19:11Z","timestamp":1773933551481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,2]],"date-time":"2019-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005378","name":"Hacettepe \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["014 D06 101 003\u2010622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["014 D06 101 003\u2010622"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005378","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 (also known as B7\u20101) is a co\u2010stimulatory molecule that is expressed in biopsies and also excreted in urine in patients with minimal change disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCD<\/jats:styled-content>) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSGS<\/jats:styled-content>). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 is inhibited by the cytotoxic T\u2010lymphocyte\u2010associated\u2010antigen 4 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTLA<\/jats:styled-content>4), which is mainly expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs). Ineffective circulating Treg response is involved in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome. In this study, we evaluated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 expression and infiltrating Tregs in children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSGS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Evaluation of CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 expression and semi\u2010quantitative evaluation of Tregs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 T cells) were carried out in 31 kidney biopsies (12 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCD<\/jats:styled-content>, 19 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSGS<\/jats:styled-content>) with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCD<\/jats:styled-content> sections were stained negative; whereas six out of 19 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSGS<\/jats:styled-content> sections (all\u00a0from steroid\u2010resistant (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>) patients), including one from a Wilms' tumor\u00a01\u00a0(<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>1) mutation\u2010positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSGS<\/jats:styled-content> patient, stained positive for anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 goat antibody, and negative for anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 rabbit antibody. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSGS<\/jats:styled-content> biopsy specimens had significantly higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010positive cells\/mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCD<\/jats:styled-content> and control samples (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.001). Biopsy samples from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSGS<\/jats:styled-content> patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012) with positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 staining (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06) had significantly less Tregs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 T cells) compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 (\u2212) biopsies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 expression was not detected in the majority of the archival biopsy sections and the results were not consistent across the different antibodies. In the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SR<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSGS<\/jats:styled-content> sections, however, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80\u2010positive biopsies had decreased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FOXP<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010positive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>4 T cells, suggesting that a decreased anti\u2010inflammatory milieu may be the cause of increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>80 expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T15:24:07Z","timestamp":1568301847000},"page":"1250-1256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["<scp>CD<\/scp>80 expression and infiltrating regulatory T cells in 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