{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T22:31:50Z","timestamp":1773268310671,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]],"date-time":"2020-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The characteristics of human parainfluenza virus type 4 (hPIV4) infection are not thoroughly understood. We therefore clarified the characteristics of hPIV4 in Korea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 2013 to December 2017, children admitted with respiratory tract infection at the Department of Pediatrics in Chung\u2010Ang University Hospital were enrolled in the study. Nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were obtained from patients and tested for hPIV types by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We retrospectively reviewed subject medical records, focusing on epidemiological and clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 12\u00a0423 NPA specimens, 8,406 were positive by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for nine respiratory viruses, and 1,018 were positive for one of the four types of hPIV: 1,018 specimens led to the detection of 1,029 hPIVs; 3ss (31.3%) were positive for hPIV1, 120 (11.7%) were positive for hPIV2, 356 (34.6%) were positive for hPIV3, and 231 (22.4%) were positive for hPIV4. Of the hPIV\u2010positive patients, the mean age was 2.3\u00a0years (range, 0.1\u201312.7\u00a0years), 225 (97.4%) had no underlying disease, and 178 (77.1%) had a fever with a duration of 4.1 \u00b1 2.3\u00a0days and a peak temperature of 39.0 \u00b1 0.7 \u2103. The most common diagnosis in hPIV4 infection was pneumonia (44.2%), followed by bronchiolitis (26.0%) and upper respiratory tract infection (24.3%). Only 2.2% of patients were diagnosed with croup. Although the most prevalent overall type of hPIV was hPIV3, hPIV4 generally caused acute respiratory tract infection in summer and early fall in an irregular annual pattern.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human parainfluenza virus type 4 is an important common pathogen of respiratory tract infections in pediatric patients in Korea.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T18:35:04Z","timestamp":1573324504000},"page":"52-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Characteristics of human parainfluenza virus type 4 infection in hospitalized children in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Young E.","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6777-0494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Y.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In S.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Chung\u2010Ang University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.66.140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.11.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-28"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.05.010408"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1748-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"1745","volume-title":"Feigin and Cherry\u2019s Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","author":"Weeliver Robert C","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2018.38.1.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02958-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piu047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.67.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"464","article-title":"Global prevalence of the human parainfluenza virus","volume":"10","author":"Kim JM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health Weekly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"264","article-title":"Characterization of acute respiratory infections among 340 infants in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province","volume":"3","author":"Ge X","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. 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