{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:22:44Z","timestamp":1776723764643,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit \/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are frequently comorbid and, as both are defined as neurodevelopmental disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, simultaneous diagnosis is possible. However, despite the frequency of this comorbid state, its endophenotypic features remain unclear. This study thus aimed to describe the behavioral and emotional problems in boys with comorbid ASD and ADHD using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 102 boys (age, 6\u201312\u00a0years) diagnosed with one or both disorders were divided into three groups according to their clinical diagnosis: ASD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD (N\u00a0=\u00a039), ASD (N\u00a0=\u00a037), and ADHD (N\u00a0=\u00a025). Symptoms and related behaviors were compared among the groups using parents\u2019 ratings of the autism spectrum quotient, ADHD rating scale\u2010IV, and SDQ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the ASD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD group, the proportion of \u201cclinical\u2010range\u201d cases was as high as 76.9% for the SDQ total difficulties score (TDS). The ASD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD and ADHD groups had significantly higher TDS as well as behavioral problems and hyperactivity subscale scores than did the ASD group; however, the ASD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD group did not have significantly different scores on any subscale compared with the other two groups. The ASD\u00a0+\u00a0ADHD and ASD groups also had significantly lower prosocial behavior scores than the ADHD group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>When using the SDQ as a screening tool for neurodevelopmental disorders, a high TDS, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and low prosocial behavior can be considered characteristic of ASD and ADHD comorbidity in 6\u2010 to 12\u2010year\u2010old boys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T07:41:32Z","timestamp":1576568492000},"page":"151-157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Clinical characteristics of boys with comorbid autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6759-2643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaori","family":"Yamawaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry Koyodai Hospital Kumamoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazue","family":"Ishitsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Suyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funded Research Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Suzumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Psychiatry Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigenobu","family":"Kanba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1622-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in male children with high\u2010functioning pervasive developmental disorders","volume":"54","author":"Matsushima N","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osaka City Med. 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