{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:24:26Z","timestamp":1777706666046,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness with systemic vasculitides, mostly affecting infants and young children. The etiology of KD is still unclear; however, altered gut microbiota have been recently implicated as a contributing factor for the development of vasculitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted an age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched case\u2010control study on 50 patients and 200 control subjects to search for potential factors leading to intestinal dysbiosis associated with KD. Data were analyzed using conditional multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous antibiotic administration was associated with the patients who developed KD (odds ratio [OR] 11.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7\u221229.1, <jats:italic>P <\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001), but not other variables, including breastfeeding and group nursery. In subgroup analyses, cesarean birth was indicated as an associated factor in addition to previous antibiotic administration in infants under 12\u00a0months of age (OR: 8.0, 95% CI: 1.8\u221234.4, <jats:italic>P <\/jats:italic>= 0.005), but not in older children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The association between previous antibiotic administration and the onset of KD was demonstrated. Antibiotics may contribute to the development of KD by affecting the intestinal microbiota in infants and young children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T18:11:14Z","timestamp":1587319874000},"page":"1044-1048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Previous antibiotic use and the development of Kawasaki disease: a matched pair case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Mitsuharu","family":"Fukazawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukazawa Pediatric Clinic Fukuoka Japan<!--Query ID=\"q5\" Text=\"AUTHOR: Please check that authors and their affiliations are correct.\"-->"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3115-9439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Fukazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukazawa Pediatric Clinic Fukuoka Japan<!--Query ID=\"q5\" Text=\"AUTHOR: Please check that authors and their affiliations are correct.\"-->"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Etsuro","family":"Nanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisanori","family":"Nishio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine Ube Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shouichi","family":"Ohga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.04.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"178","article-title":"Acute febrile muco\u2010cutaneous lymph node syndrome in young children with unique digital desquamation","volume":"16","author":"Kawasaki T","year":"1967","journal-title":"Jpn. 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