{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T22:20:57Z","timestamp":1785795657269,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric procedural sedation (PPS) has been established worldwide as standard practice for several decades. However, there are no comprehensive guidelines or multi\u2010facility databases of PPS in Japan, and the current status of PPS and PPS\u2010related adverse events is unclear. The objectives of this study were to investigate the status of PPS in Japan and clarify the adverse events and risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was a single\u2010facility, database survey performed at Oita University Hospital from September 2016 to March 2019. Children under 18\u00a0years of age who had been kept sedated for medical procedures with intravenous sedatives were enrolled in this study. Adverse events were recorded and defined according to the Quebec Guideline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the study period, PPS was performed for 1,436 consecutive cases. The majority (94%) of the sedatives used were thiamylal alone or thiamylal combined with ketamine. There were a total of 253 adverse events in 233 cases (16.2%), including oxygen desaturation, airway hypersensitivity, and vomiting. Patients recovered from respiratory\u2010related adverse events immediately with simple intervention. No patient required endotracheal intubation and no severe adverse event occurred. Four risk factors (a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, longer procedure time, non\u2010compliance of<jats:italic>nil per os<\/jats:italic>status, and no Pediatric Advanced Life Support certification for sedation personnel) were associated with the occurrence of adverse events.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adverse events occurred in 16.2% of all PPS cases. Further studies are needed to analyze the serious adverse events and risk factors for PPS in Japan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T14:34:53Z","timestamp":1591367693000},"page":"1346-1350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pediatric procedural sedation in Japan: A single\u2010facility study of 1,436 cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1114-2525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuji","family":"Kuga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Oita University Yufu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Oita University Yufu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Ihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Oita University Yufu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"26E","article-title":"Guidelines for monitoring and management of pediatric patients before, during, and after sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures","volume":"41","author":"Cote CJ","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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