{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T11:03:10Z","timestamp":1771326190193,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children born small for gestational age (SGA) with catch\u2010up growth are at high risk for developing obesity; however, the characteristics of body composition, especially fat distribution, before and after growth hormone (GH) treatment in SGA children without catch\u2010up growth remains largely unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anthropometric characteristics, body composition by dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorption, and fat distribution by computed tomography at the umbilical level were examined in 27 prepubertal short\u2010stature children born SGA before and 1\u00a0year after GH treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Before GH treatment, short\u2010stature SGA children had lean phenotypes, and both visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were significantly lower than the age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched Japanese reference values. Growth hormone treatment significantly increased height standard deviation scores (SDS), without affecting body mass index SDS. Percentage fat mass decreased with GH treatment; however, fat mass was not altered. Both VAT and SAT were significantly lower than the reference values after GH treatment. The ratio of VAT over SAT significantly increased by GH treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both VAT and SAT were within or below the age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched Japanese reference values in short\u2010stature children born SGA before and after GH treatment, indicating that GH treatment may not have unfavorable effects on adiposity in short\u2010stature children born SGA, although it may alter fat distribution.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T19:43:54Z","timestamp":1591818234000},"page":"1351-1356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Fat distribution in short\u2010stature children born small for gestational 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