{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T08:44:38Z","timestamp":1781081078786,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the treatment response to conventional antiepileptic drugs and low\u2010dose adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy for infantile spasms in children with Down syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively investigated the response and relapse rates, electroencephalography findings, patient characteristics during drug withdrawal, and developmental outcome in 10 children with Down syndrome treated for infantile spasms in our hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients showed cessation of infantile spasms and achieved electroencephalographic normalization. Spasm relapse occurred in one of 10 patients (10%). Antiepileptic drugs have been withdrawn for seven of 10 patients (70%), none of whom have experienced seizure relapse since drug withdrawal. The median developmental quotient (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8) was 20.5, which shows that the developmental outcome was unfavorable. Low\u2010dose adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy achieved a low seizure remission rate of 28.6%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Elucidation of the optimal treatment for infantile spasms in children with Down syndrome is needed to reduce the duration of infantile spasms and improve the developmental outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,27]],"date-time":"2021-02-27T01:58:41Z","timestamp":1614391121000},"page":"1495-1503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Treatment outcomes for infantile spasms in Japanese children with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Satomi","family":"Nishimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka Medical College Hospital Takatsuki\u2010City Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4387-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuichi","family":"Shimakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka Medical College Hospital Takatsuki\u2010City Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka Medical College Hospital Takatsuki\u2010City Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoko","family":"Ogino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka Saiseikai Suita Hospital Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Tsuda\u2010Kitahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka Medical College Hospital Takatsuki\u2010City Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Toshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka Saiseikai Suita Hospital Suita Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Nomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hirakata City Hospital Hirakata Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayo","family":"Kunisada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seikeikai Hospital Sakai Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1207-8086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Kashiwagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hirakata City Hospital Hirakata Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Miyamoto Children\u2019s Clinic Fushimi Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Tamai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka Medical College Hospital Takatsuki\u2010City Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5972-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Ashida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka Medical College Hospital Takatsuki\u2010City Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","article-title":"Infantile spasms in children with Down syndrome: Identification and treatment response","volume":"6","author":"Daniels D","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. 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