{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:08:57Z","timestamp":1757452137787,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rituximab (RTX) is an effective treatment for maintaining remission in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), but there are few reports on the effect of RTX treatment on quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of periodically repeated RTX treatment from the perspective of QOL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We systematically assessed the QOL of pediatric patients with refractory NS and parents\u2019 perceptions of their children\u2019s QOL through a 2 year RTX treatment protocol. Pediatric patients from Hokkaido University Hospital with refractory NS who met our specific criteria were enrolled between January 2015 and December 2015. The RTX infusion was performed 4 times at 6\u2010month intervals, followed by mizoribine administration with early discontinuation of calcineurin inhibitors. Quality of life scores were measured by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 (PedsQL) at each RTX administration and evaluated 2\u2009years later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010two patients were analyzed. The patients\u2019 QOL and their parents\u2019 perceptions of their QOL improved over our 2 year treatment protocol. Nevertheless, the parents' scores were lower than the patients\u2019 scores on all scales, with slower improvement.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our treatment protocol showed a significant improvement of QOL in patients with refractory NS. Although the risk of the RTX treatment should be considered, the treatment is useful for patients with refractory NS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T20:19:12Z","timestamp":1617826752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The effect of rituximab on the quality of life of children with refractory nephrotic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8783-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Sapporo 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