{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T02:08:14Z","timestamp":1762999694428,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":70,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of non\u2010invasive ventilation (NIV) on the clinical course, oxygenation, need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and outcomes for children with pulmonary edema after drowning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective chart review. Children who were referred to the pediatric emergency department due to drowning\u2010related pulmonary edema and underwent NIV between May 2014 and October 2020 were included. Demographics, vital signs, clinical findings, and results of laboratory and radiologic investigations were recorded. Patients were divided into six groups using the Szpilman classification system. The need for IMV, the need for pediatric intensive care unit admission, and the length of NIV treatment and stay in the pediatric intensive care unit were recorded for each patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010five patients were enrolled. According to the Szpilman classification, 13 (52.0%) patients were evaluated as grade 3 and 12 (48.0%) as grade 4. All patients were treated with bi\u2010level positive airway pressure in the spontaneous \/ timed mode. A significant increase in oxygen saturation (SpO\u2082) and SpO\u2082\/fraction of inspired oxygen ratios was observed from the beginning of NIV treatment and this increase was also observed for the second and fourth hours. There was a decrease in respiratory rate at the fourth hour of NIV treatment. No patient subsequently deteriorated to require IMV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have reported a favorable clinical course of drowning patients who underwent early use of NIV in the pediatric emergency department. Management of drowning patients with pulmonary edema by NIV with close follow\u2010up can be successfully applied in selected cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T14:11:49Z","timestamp":1622470309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early application of non\u2010invasive ventilation for children with pulmonary edema after drowning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-6389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nihan","family":"\u015e\u0131k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Care Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00fcseyin Bahad\u0131r","family":"\u015eenol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aykut","family":"\u00c7a\u011flar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Care Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Adnan Menderes University Ayd\u0131n Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Durg\u00fcl","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Care Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6767-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murat","family":"Duman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Emergency Care Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Global Report on Drowning: Preventing a Leading Killer","year":"2014","author":"World Health Organization","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4239-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2008.020123"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/icsp.10.4.195.16772"},{"volume-title":"Web\u2010based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)","year":"2017","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2003.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2009.02020.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-4679(96)00097-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wem.2019.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000362"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Successful management of acute respiratory failure with noninvasive mechanical ventilation after drowning, in an epileptic\u2010patient","volume":"17","author":"Ruggeri P","year":"2016","journal-title":"Respir. 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