{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T15:28:15Z","timestamp":1768836495805,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":353,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K16239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K16239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) may have comorbidities including a long\u2010term abnormality in the immune system. Immune reconstitution in CCSs after treatment for acute leukemia has been reported previously, while analyses of immune reconstitution in CCSs with solid tumors have been limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Childhood cancer survivors who received chemotherapy for solid tumors and who visited University of Tsukuba Hospital between November 2019 and March 2021 were included the study. Peripheral blood was collected for flow cytometry analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010nine samples from 35 CCSs (18 male, 17 female) were included in the study. High\u2010dose chemotherapy and cerebral spinal irradiation were conducted in 14 CCSs (40%) and in five CCSs (14%), respectively. The median time between the completion of chemotherapy and the collection of the present samples was 15.0\u2009months (range, 0\u2013286\u2009months). The total lymphocyte count, B\u2009cells, and CD8\u2010positive T\u2009cells recovered to the normal range of controls (NR\u2010CTLs) in 0 (0%), four (66.7%), and four (66.7%) of six samples at 0\u20133\u2009months after the completion of chemotherapy, and in three (60%), four (80%), and three (60%) of five samples at 3\u201312\u2009months after the completion of chemotherapy, respectively. Meanwhile, CD4\u2010positive T cells remained lower than NR\u2010CTLs in 0 (0%) of six samples, one (20%) of five samples, and seven (63.7%) of 11 samples at 0\u20133, 3\u201312 and 12\u201360\u2009months after the completion of chemotherapy, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recovery to the NR\u2010CTLs was rapidly achieved in B cells and CD8\u2010positive T cells, while the recovery was slower and incomplete in CD4\u2010positive T cells. Careful observation of infection in long\u2010term follow\u2010up clinics is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T05:10:11Z","timestamp":1653541811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Recovery of lymphocyte subpopulations is incomplete in the long\u2010term setting in pediatric solid tumor survivors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6818-3689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhijian","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences University of Tsukuba  Tsukuba 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