{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:18:32Z","timestamp":1787015912668,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":356,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A high\u2010flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a useful respiratory support for children with respiratory distress; however, it elevates the risk of belated intubation. Recently, indices based on percutaneous oxygen saturation, a fraction of inspired oxygen, and respiratory rate (RR) have been suggested for the prediction of HFNC failure. We aimed to evaluate various indices predicting HFNC failure in children who started receiving HFNC at a tertiary center for 27\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cases of HFNC failure were classified as hypoxic respiratory failure (HRF) or non\u2010HRF (NHRF) depending on the cause of intubation. The ratio of percutaneous oxygen saturation to the fraction of inspired oxygen (S\/F), the ratio of S\/F to RR (ROX), the ratio of S\/F to RR\/median RR (ROX\u2010M), and the ratio of S\/F to z\u2010score of RR (ROX\u2010Z) were calculated and compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 152 cases, 45 (29.6%) failed to wean from the HFNC support, of which 21 (46.7%) were HRFs and 24 (53.3%) were NHRFs. The S\/F and ROX\u2010M at 6 h and 3\u2009h, respectively, predicted HRF well with a high area under the curve. Initial hypercapnia and low weight were good predictors for NHRF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For the management of children with HFNC, these risk factors and indicators should be monitored to make an early decision regarding intubation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T11:29:52Z","timestamp":1660822192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["S\/F and\n                    <scp>ROX<\/scp>\n                    indices in predicting failure of high\u2010flow nasal cannula in children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5462-4025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University Children's Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7817-8728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong In","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University Children's Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8113-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"June Dong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University Children's Hospital  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-1990-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1994.02170030064015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-011-2354-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503326"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2019.00563"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3693-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.08631"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2019.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-021-00538-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-020-03847-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02378.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2018.61.5.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/PHN20062005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780190670085.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"424","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: Non\u2010invasive mechanical ventilation as treatment of acute respiratory failure","volume":"105","author":"Schonhofer B","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Distribution of pediatric vital signs in the emergency department: A nationwide study","volume":"7","author":"Bae W","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children (Basel)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92893-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201803-0589OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-014-7526-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.115707"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/ijcp249w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.02.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00091.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"539","article-title":"Prediction of arterial blood gas values from venous blood gas values in patients with acute respiratory failure receiving mechanical ventilation","volume":"102","author":"Chu YC","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Formos. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.046979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001740"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507X.20190026"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.15336","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ped.15336","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.15336","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T11:08:17Z","timestamp":1747393697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ped.15336"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ped.15336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.15336","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1328-8067","1442-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1328-8067","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-12-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15336"}}