{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T03:21:13Z","timestamp":1775618473349,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":40,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate pre\u2010, peri\u2010, and postnatal factors, screen time in a group of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and age and sex\u2010matched clinical controls to evaluate risk factors specific to ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 211 ASD patients (177 boys, 34 girls; mean age 44.3\u2009\u00b1\u200913.0\u2009months) and 241 (190 boys, 51 girls; mean age 44.6\u2009\u00b1\u200914.1\u2009months) age and sex group matched clinical controls. Non\u2010ASD diagnoses were expressive language disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0135, 56.0%), intellectual disability (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a015, 6.2%), attention deficit\u2010hyperactivity disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06, 2.4%), oppositional disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a06, 2.4%), and other behavioral or emotional problems (no diagnosis; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a079, 32.8%). A sociodemographic data form was used to collect data regarding pre\u2010, peri\u2010, and postnatal factors and total daily screen exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to our findings, maternal severe psychological stress and depression during pregnancy, and maternal postpartum depression were more frequent in the ASD group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.005, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.035, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.001 respectively). There was a statistically significant difference between groups with regards to maternal any medication use during pregnancy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.004). The mean duration of daily screen exposure was higher in the ASD group (9.90\u2009\u00b1\u20095.10\u2009h) compared to non\u2010ASD children (4.46\u2009\u00b1\u20093.40\u00a0h; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001). A ROC curve showed that 8.5\u2009h and above total daily screen exposure (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.808 [95% CI: 0.769\u20130.848], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001; 55% sensitivity, 90.5% specificity) is likely to be associated with increased risk for ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study suggests that prenatal maternal psychological stress, prenatal and postpartum depression, and excess exposure to screen might be related to an increased risk for ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T11:44:47Z","timestamp":1665402287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prenatal, perinatal, postnatal risk factors, and excess screen time in autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4840-1770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatice","family":"G\u00fcne\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Istanbul Gelisim University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Canan","family":"Tan\u0131d\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Istanbul Gelisim University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4494-3014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilal","family":"Doktur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Mental Health and Neurological Disorders  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seheryeli","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Kocaeli Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131z","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Development Istanbul Gelisim University  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"\u00d6zbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sema","family":"Bozbey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Luleburgaz State Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcl\u015fah","family":"\u00d6z\u015firin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Department Bahcelievler District Health Directorate  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171400172X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10050274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01587-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6904a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12499"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006696"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.4.326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01325.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.051672"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-1036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020217"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2014.1893"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03391685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000654"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"373","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. 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