{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:16:46Z","timestamp":1791346606871,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":109,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Japan, the mortality rate of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants is notably low in comparison with other developed countries, but the prevalence of chronic lung disease (CLD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is relatively high. This study aimed to estimate the mortality and morbidity of ELBW infants born in 2015 who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Japan and to examine the factors that affected the short\u2010term outcomes of these infants. We also compared the mortality of ELBW infants born in 2005, 2010, and 2015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the mortality, morbidity, and factors related to short\u2010term outcomes of ELBW infants, using data from 2782 infants born in 2015 and registered at NICUs in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mortality rates during NICU stays were 17.0%, 12.0%, and 9.8% for ELBW infants born in 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively. Among ELBW infants born in 2015, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that short gestational age and low birthweight Z\u2010score contributed to the increased risk of death. Births by cesarean section and antenatal corticosteroid administration were significantly associated with a reduced risk of death. Among infants who survived, CLD was observed in 53.1% and ROP requiring treatment was observed in 30.4%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mortality in ELBW infants decreased significantly from 2005 to 2015. As CLD and ROP may affect quality of life and long\u2010term outcomes of infants who survived, prevention strategies and management for these complications are critical issues in neonatal care in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T02:29:41Z","timestamp":1675650581000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Mortality and morbidity of extremely low birth weight infants in Japan, 2015"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6349-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tokuo","family":"Miyazawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Arahori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2532-8910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hromichi","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Iwate Medical University School of Medicine  Iwate Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5277-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuka Sano","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-4430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoto","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The University of Tokyo Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshimitsu","family":"Takayanagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Saga National Hospital  Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Toishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology Japanese Red Cross Narita Hospital  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Nagaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternity and Infant Care Asahikawa Medical University Hospital  Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisaya","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Neonatal Intensive Care Tokyo Women's Medical University Adachi Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5217-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiro","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal\u2010Neonatal Care Nagoya University Hospital  Nagoya Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3441-7755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariko","family":"Hida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rie","family":"Fukuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine Aichi Medical University Hospital  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3347-5155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kusaka","family":"Takashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University  Kagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuko","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5685-2670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ichiro","family":"Morioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nihon University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6983-8851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsumi","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Committee on Neonatal Medicine Japan Pediatric Society  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-0336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1571202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.04.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"2454","article-title":"Committee of Neonatal Medicine. Studies on the state of care for high\u2010risk neonate and neonatal mortality in our country (year 1990) [in Japanese]","volume":"95","author":"Japan Pediatric Society","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Pediatr. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1931","article-title":"Committee of Neonatal Medicine. Studies on the state of care for high\u2010risk neonate and neonatal mortality in our country (year 1995) [in Japanese]","volume":"100","author":"Japan Pediatric Society","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Pediatr. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"603","article-title":"Committee of Neonatal Medicine. Studies on the state of care for high\u2010risk neonate and neonatal mortality in our country (year 2000) [in Japanese]","volume":"106","author":"Japan Pediatric Society","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Jpn Pediatr Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"1254","article-title":"Mortality rate for extremely low birth weight infants born in Japan in 2010 [in Japanese]","volume":"120","author":"Itabashi K","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Pediatr. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity for extremely low birth weight infants born in Japan in 2015 [in Japanese]","volume":"126","author":"Miyazawa T","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Pediatr. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2021.105321"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15438"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"42","volume-title":"Maternal and child health statistics of Japan [in Japanese]","author":"Mother's and children's Health and Welfare Association","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02231-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"A5091","article-title":"Unchanged incidence of necrotising enterocolitis in a tertiary neonatal department","volume":"62","author":"Hein\u2010Nielsen AL","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","article-title":"Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth","volume":"12","author":"McGoldrick E","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"652","article-title":"What is the safest mode of birth for extremely preterm breech singleton infants who are actively resuscitated?","volume":"125","author":"Grabovac M","year":"2018","journal-title":"A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analyses BJOG"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05417-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2017.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2011.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"NPO.Neonatal Research Network Database Japan [homepage on the internet] NPO Neonatal Research Network Japan.2022. Available from:http:\/\/plaza.umin.ac.jp\/nrndata\/indexe.htm"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.15493","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.15493","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T01:07:42Z","timestamp":1708132062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ped.15493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ped.15493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.15493","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1328-8067","1442-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1328-8067","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-11-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15493"}}