{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T16:21:21Z","timestamp":1777306881124,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":171,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Japan, the first human milk bank (HMB) was established in 2017, which changed the practice of enteral feeding in neonatal care. This study investigated the practice of enteral feeding of preterm infants after the establishment of the HMB in Japan and examined related future issues.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey on enteral feeding and the use of the HMB was conducted in 251 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from December 2020 to February 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The response rate was 61%. The ideal times to start enteral feeding for extremely\u2010low\u2010birthweight infants (ELBWI) and very\u2010low\u2010birthweight infants (VLBWI) were within 24 h after birth in approximately 59% and 62% of NICUs, however, only 30% and 46% could do so, respectively. Artificial nutrition was used to initiate enteral feeding for ELBWIs and VLBWIs in in 24% and 56% of NICUs, respectively. Of the NICUs, 92% considered the HMB \u201cnecessary\u201d or \u201crather necessary\u201d. Fifty\u2010five percent wanted to use the HMB but could not. The major reasons for this were (1) difficulty in paying the annual membership fee, (2) difficulty obtaining approval from the NICU, and (3) complexity in using the facility. The indications for using and discontinuation of use of donor milk varied among the NICUs. Only in 17%, milk expression was within 1h after delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with before the establishment of the HMB, NICUs are currently more willing to start enteral feeding for preterm infants earlier. However, the implementation of enteral feeding appears to be challenging. Issues related to the HMB highlighted by the responses need to be addressed. Additionally, guidelines for using donor milk should be established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,18]],"date-time":"2023-03-18T09:24:15Z","timestamp":1679131455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Survey of enteral feeding of preterm infants and the human milk bank in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5277-9624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuka Sano","family":"Wada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal\u2010Fetal, Neonatal, and Reproductive Medicine National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Tani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Nara Medical University  Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Shindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine  Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motoichirou","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology Kameda Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Nishimaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Yokohama City University  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6983-8851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kastumi","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Showa University School of Medicine  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2014.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).Protecting promoting and supporting breastfeeding: the baby\u2010friendly hospital initiative for small sick and preterm newborns 2020.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240005648"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2014.0089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.24.3.160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2011.78"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"WHO Recommendations for Care of the Preterm or Low\u2010Birth\u2010Weight Infant. file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/ywada\/Downloads\/9789240058262\u2010eng.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Japan Human Milk Bank.https:\/\/jhmba.or.jp\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2016.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"CD002971","article-title":"Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants","volume":"7","author":"Quigley M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst 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