{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T05:55:29Z","timestamp":1783749329006,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":190,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nocturnal enuresis is defined as intermittent urinary incontinence during sleep in children 5\u2009years of age and older, occurring at least once a month for at least 3\u2009months. In Japan, pediatricians who do not specialize in nocturnal enuresis have become more proactive in treating the condition since 2016, when the guidelines for treating it were revised for the first time in 12\u2009years. For monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, the first step is lifestyle guidance, with a focus on the restriction of fluid intake at night; however, if lifestyle guidance does not decrease the frequency of nocturnal enuresis, aggressive treatment should be added. The first choice of aggressive treatment is oral desmopressin, an antidiuretic hormone preparation, or alarm therapy. However, there remain patients whose wet nights do not decrease with oral desmopressin or alarm therapy. In such cases, it is necessary to reconfirm the method of desmopressin administration and check for factors that may decrease the efficacy of desmopressin. If alarm therapy does not increase the number of dry nights, it is possible that the patient is fundamentally unsuitable for alarm therapy. If dry nights do not increase with oral desmopressin or alarm therapy, the next treatment strategy should be considered immediately to keep the patient motivated for treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T17:59:37Z","timestamp":1689011977000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Management of <scp>treatment\u2010resistant<\/scp> nocturnal enuresis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3607-8355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoji","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8215-0832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazunari","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.01.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00305-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis 2021","author":"The Japanese Society on Enuresis and Incontinence","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1999.tb00036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13703"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-022-05818-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Nocturnal studies in enuretics. A polygraphic study of sleep\u2010EEG and bladder activity","volume":"125","author":"Norgaard JP","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655900750016599"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000108420.89313.0f"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.01.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.14758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000091221.55082.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.04.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0577-0"},{"issue":"264","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Incontinence in children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"11","author":"Gontard A","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1988.tb10614.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92467-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","article-title":"Desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis in children","volume":"3","author":"Glazener CM","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","first-page":"2445","article-title":"Desmopressin orodispersible tablets: a norvel efficacious formulation for reduced night\u2010time urinary osmolarity type nocturnal enuresis","volume":"33","author":"Yokoya S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-016-3510-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajps.AJPS_115_16"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12614"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.01.094"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2018.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00134.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"205","volume-title":"Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2015)","author":"The Japanese Ministry of Health LaW","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14922"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1938.tb06395.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590701571506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000110762.45940.fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(63)90003-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","article-title":"Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children","volume":"5","author":"Caldwell PH","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.57.5.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.90.3.458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2022.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.82.1.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-007-0662-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000169160.84418.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-3691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10918.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-014-2751-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002361"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","article-title":"Tricyclic and related drugs for nocturnal enuresis in children","volume":"2016","author":"Caldwell PH","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199705000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2006.tb02237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23323"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.15573","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T06:04:26Z","timestamp":1708149866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ped.15573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ped.15573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.15573","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1328-8067","1442-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1328-8067","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-12","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15573"}}