{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T10:50:52Z","timestamp":1764240652803,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":190,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breast milk, nature's optimum source of nutrition for infants, can contain undesirable microorganisms that cause severe morbidity. After an outbreak of multidrug\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> among neonates receiving breast milk donated by another mother in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), we were motivated to develop a high\u2010grade breast milk pasteurizer (BMP) designed to thaw and pasteurize breast milk at 63\u00b0C for 30\u2009min in a sealed bag without having to open the bag or immerse it in water.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre\u2010existing bacteria and spiked cytomegalovirus (CMV) were measured pre\u2010 and post\u2010pasteurization in frozen breast milk donated by mothers of children admitted to the NICU.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 48 breast milk samples (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009standard deviation [SD]), pre\u2010existing bacterial counts of 5.1\u00b11.1\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> colony forming units (cfu)\/mL decreased to less than 10\u2009cfu\/mL (below detection level) in 45 samples after pasteurization for 30\u2009min. In three samples, 10\u2013110\u2009cfu\/mL persisted. As no CMV was detected in any of the 48 samples, CMV at \u22655\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> pfu\/mL was spiked into 11 breast milk samples. After just 10\u2009min of pasteurization, infectious CMV was not detected (threshold &lt;50 pfu\/mL) in any sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A new BMP was shown to pasteurize milk effectively with more than a 3\u2010log reduction of microorganisms. Compared to conventional pasteurizers, this device reduces the effort involved in pasteurizing breast milk, avoids various contamination risks, and may reduce the risk of infectious disease transmission via breast milk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,10]],"date-time":"2023-07-10T17:59:22Z","timestamp":1689011962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sterilization efficacy of a new water\u2010free breast milk pasteurizer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0785-7053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Chishiki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima 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