{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:38:58Z","timestamp":1753879138272,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":279,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23AA2003","22AA2003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23AA2003","22AA2003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of prednisolone and cyclosporine as initial combination treatments for the prevention of coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) in patients with Kawasaki disease. However, whether prednisolone or cyclosporine results in superior clinical outcomes is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to compare the outcomes of these two treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we identified patients with Kawasaki disease who had received prednisolone or cyclosporine in addition to initial intravenous immunoglobulin treatment between April 2014 and March 2021. The primary outcome was the proportion of CAA; secondary outcomes included intravenous immunoglobulin resistance, medical costs, and length of hospital stay. Propensity score matching was conducted to compare outcomes between the two groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 6288 patients with Kawasaki disease who had received prednisolone (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096147) or cyclosporine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009141) as an initial treatment in combination with intravenous immunoglobulin. Four\u2010to\u2010one propensity score\u2010matched analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the proportion of CAA (0.7% vs. 2.8%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.098), intravenous immunoglobulin resistance, or medical costs between the treatment groups. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the prednisolone group (14 vs. 11\u2009days, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prednisolone and cyclosporine used in the initial combination treatment for Kawasaki disease showed similar clinical outcomes regarding the risk of CAA, intravenous immunoglobulin resistance, and medical costs, whereas the length of hospital stay was longer in the prednisolone group than in the cyclosporine group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T18:38:44Z","timestamp":1696790324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prednisolone versus cyclosporine as initial treatment for Kawasaki disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6797-7144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoko","family":"Kameda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Center Jichi Medical University  Shimotsuke Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Sasabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Center Jichi Medical University  Shimotsuke Japan"},{"name":"Department of Real\u2010world Evidence, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Michihata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Yamana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Center Jichi Medical University  Shimotsuke Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Center Jichi Medical University  Shimotsuke Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyohide","family":"Fushimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Yasunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Center Jichi Medical University  Shimotsuke Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahide","family":"Kohro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Data Science Center Jichi Medical University  Shimotsuke Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.54.3.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Japan Kawasaki Disease Research Center.The 26th Nationwide Survey of Kawasaki Disease (in Japanese).2021[cited 2023 Apr 24]. 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