{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T22:03:46Z","timestamp":1778882626298,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":110,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004156","name":"Mahidol University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF_64011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF_64011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004192","name":"National Science and Technology Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2050966"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2050966"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) in children has been increasing worldwide since the onset of the pandemic. This study examined the risk factors and characteristics of COVID\u201019 among pediatric patients compared to other respiratory viral infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective cross\u2010sectional study. Patients aged 0\u201318\u2009years presenting with respiratory symptoms from October 2020 to December 2021 were included. Demographic and clinical data were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 738 pediatric patients were enrolled. Of these, 48.5% had COVID\u201019, and 41.3% were infected with another respiratory virus. The COVID\u201019 incidence increased from 0.5% during the original strain outbreak (October 2020 to March 2021) to 56.5% and 73.4% during the alpha (April to June 2021) and delta (July to December 2021) periods, respectively. Children aged 6\u201018 years, being female, obesity, exposure to household members with COVID\u201019, and the delta period were risk factors for COVID\u201019. Being aged 1\u20105 years, obesity, shortness of breath, productive cough, and chest pain were associated with COVID\u201019 pneumonia. Children aged 5\u201318\u2009years, underlying neurological disease, a history of COVID\u201019 pneumonia, and the delta period were associated with long COVID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric COVID\u201019 patients presenting with respiratory symptoms who are obese or have been exposed to household members with COVID\u201019 should be tested for COVID\u201019. COVID\u201019 patients who are obese, younger than five years old, or who present with shortness of breath, productive cough, or chest pain should be evaluated for pneumonia. COVID\u201019 patients with a history of COVID\u201019 pneumonia or underlying neurological disease should receive follow\u2010up for long COVID.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]],"date-time":"2024-04-20T04:03:21Z","timestamp":1713585801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection rate among pediatric patients with respiratory symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Penpitcha","family":"Samerton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Srinagarind Hospital Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1833-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nopporn","family":"Apiwattanakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surapat","family":"Assawawiroonhakarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Samut Prakan Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thiantip","family":"Sahakijpicharn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakruthai","family":"Thongchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chonnamet","family":"Techasaensiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6027-0534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophida","family":"Boonsathorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8166-8691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujittra","family":"Chaisavaneeyakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO director\u2010general's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID\u201019.2020Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/director\u2010general\/speeches\/detail\/who\u2010director\u2010general\u2010s\u2010opening\u2010remarks\u2010at\u2010the\u2010media\u2010briefing\u2010on\u2010covid\u201019\u2010\u2010\u201011\u2010march\u20102020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.COVID\u201019 Weekly Epidemiological Update.2022Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default\u2010source\/coronaviruse\/situation\u2010reports\/20220222_weekly_epi_update_80.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2021.62.11.961"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-021-00408-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Public Health Thailand. 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