{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:58:54Z","timestamp":1790913534369,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":95,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Japan, as several important vaccines are still categorized as voluntary vaccines that require out\u2010of\u2010pocket payment, the vaccination coverage of voluntary vaccines is lower than that of routine vaccines. Thus, higher voluntary vaccination rates are desired. Herein, we used nationwide birth cohort data to create a voluntary vaccine risk score to identify high\u2010risk individuals who were not vaccinated with voluntary vaccines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The data from 74,733; 73,571; and 74,360 infants were analyzed for rotavirus, mumps virus, and influenza virus vaccinations, respectively. The risk score for non\u2010vaccination of voluntary vaccines was created from the regression coefficients of the logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The items included for the score resulted from the analysis were the mother's drug allergy history, mother's depression history, mother's educational background, father's educational background, household income, maternal smoking during pregnancy, paternal smoking during pregnancy, fertility treatment, number of siblings, maternal drinking at 1\u2009month of age, maternal age, and maternal nationality. The mother's drug allergy history, mother's depression history, fertility treatment, maternal drinking at 1\u2009month of age, and maternal nationality were factors not previously reported and associated with taking voluntary vaccine. The receiver operating characteristic curve of the risk score for non\u2010vaccination of voluntary vaccines suggested that a score \u226516 predicted non\u2010vaccinated infants for rotavirus, mumps virus, and influenza virus vaccines with 78.6%, 75.0%, and 74.5% sensitivity and 44.2%, 43.2%, and 37.1% specificity, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a risk score for non\u2010vaccination of voluntary vaccines consisting of 10 domains with high sensitivity but low specificity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.15888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T02:42:42Z","timestamp":1743993762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk score for non\u2010vaccination of voluntary vaccines: The Japan Environment and Children's Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0867-8962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Hotta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Medicine Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimiko","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal &amp; Child Health Information Center Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoyo","family":"Ikehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Osaka University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanami","family":"Tanigawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal &amp; Child Health Information Center Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Osaka University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Osaka University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuko","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Medicine Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Ozono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomotaka","family":"Sobue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Osaka University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Iso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Osaka University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation National Center for Global Health and Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The Japan Environment and Children's Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization).WHO (World Health Organization) recommendations for routine immunization \u2013 summary tables. [Cited 2022 May 25]. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/immunization\u2010vaccines\u2010and\u2010biologicals\/policies\/who\u2010recommendations\u2010for\u2010routine\u2010immunization\u2010\u2010\u2010summary\u2010tables."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization).Immunization dashboard. [Cited 2022 May 22]. Available from:https:\/\/immunizationdata.who.int."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.01.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-12511-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.09.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.10.1204"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-336"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cki194"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2005.085944"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Childhood immunisation and family size","volume":"25","author":"Li J","year":"1993","journal-title":"Health Trends"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02755.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20170018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)89028-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00453-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12252"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.471"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020923"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.15888","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ped.15888","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.15888","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:44:19Z","timestamp":1790912659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ped.15888"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ped.15888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.15888","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1328-8067","1442-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1328-8067","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15888"}}