{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:58:55Z","timestamp":1790913535315,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":160,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":160,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009028","name":"Research Institute of Science and Technology for Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJRX21K6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJRX21K6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K20774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K20774"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K17404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K17404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Child poverty is a critical issue in Japan. While public assistance (\n                      <jats:italic>seikatsu\u2010hogo<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) alleviates financial barriers to healthcare, the multidimensional nature of poverty, including social and environmental factors, may still affect children's health. Although previous research has explored health disparities among adults receiving public assistance, little is known about the current conditions and healthcare needs of child recipients. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of children on public assistance and identify the incidence and predictors of hospitalization among them.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included children receiving public assistance in six Japanese municipalities. We extracted data on children's age, sex, household composition, siblings, guardians' employment status, timing of public assistance receipt, nationality, and disability certificates as of April 2016 and observed them for 1\u2009year. The primary outcome was all\u2010cause hospitalization. Poisson regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from 1990 children receiving public assistance. Overall, 4.6% were hospitalized during the observation period, with higher rates in younger children and those with disabilities. Hospitalization incidence was varied across households conditions and residing municipalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children on public assistance in Japan may face higher hospitalization risks, and the differences were observed across household conditions and residential areas. Further research using more detailed data should explore child poverty and health, including both recipients and non\u2010recipients of public assistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.70005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T08:32:40Z","timestamp":1749544360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characteristics and hospitalizations among children on public assistance in Japan: A population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3116-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Impact Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics, Medical Research and Development Center Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiho","family":"Kino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Oral Health Care Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and School of Public Health Kyoto University  Kyoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations.Sustainable Development THE 17 GOALS.2015. Accessed Oct 19th 2024.https:\/\/sdgs.un.org\/goals."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1602387"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2000.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health.2010. Accessed Oct 19th 2024.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241500852."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Definitions of poverty: twelve clusters of meaning","volume":"1","author":"Spicker P","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pover Int Glossary"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/03068290910932738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09540261.2014.928270"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61690-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"OECD.Income Inequality (Indicator).2023Accessed Oct 19th 2024.https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/data\/indicators\/income\u2010inequality.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315660523-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.Survey on Medical Expense Assistance for Infants and Young Children (in Japanese).2022. Accessed Oct 19th 2024https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/newpage_28023.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-017-0165-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4091\/iken.22.255"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.7.678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"SakamotoH RahmanM NomuraS et\u00a0al.Japan health system review.2018. Accessed Oct 19th 2024.https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/259941."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31662\/jmaj.2024-0062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/s41271-020-00254-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02682-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4162"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01282.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10110-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.Summary Report of Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (in Japanese).2016. Accessed Oct 19th 2024.https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/english\/database\/db\u2010hss\/cslc\u2010report2016.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2016.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4491-11-59"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3106-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201443"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2006.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Geographical socioeconomic inequalities in healthy life expectancy in Japan, 2010\u20102014: an ecological study","author":"Kataoka A","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare.Health Management Support Program for Public Assistance Recipients (in Japanese). Accessed Oct 19th 2024.https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/stf\/newpage_19953.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781800376113.00012"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.70005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ped.70005","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.70005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.70005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:46:07Z","timestamp":1790912767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ped.70005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ped.70005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.70005","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1328-8067","1442-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1328-8067","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70005"}}