{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:57:24Z","timestamp":1790913444497,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":131,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP22K02483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22K02483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long\u2010COVID is a significant global health concern, regardless of age. However, few reports have longitudinally evaluated the characteristics, prevalence, and risk factors of long\u2010COVID in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were Japanese children younger than 18\u2009years hospitalized for COVID\u201019 between November 2021 and October 2022, along with their COVID\u201019 affected parents. During hospitalization and at 1\u2010, 3\u2010, and 6\u2010month follow\u2010ups, participants completed age\u2010appropriate questionnaires on long\u2010COVID symptoms. The quality of life (QOL) score was assessed in children older than 2\u2009years. The prevalence of long\u2010COVID symptoms by age group was compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate risk factors affecting long\u2010COVID. Analysis of covariance adjusted for potential confounders was conducted to determine which symptoms affect QOL score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 108 children enrolled, the prevalence of long\u2010COVID was 44.9%, 37.8%, and 22.8% at 1, 3, and 6\u2009months, respectively, after SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. There were no specific risk factors for long\u2010COVID. Cough, fatigue, and sleep disturbance were the most common long\u2010COVID symptoms, with sleep disturbance associated with a change in lower QOL score from admission at all three follow\u2010ups (mean difference 9.25, 20.15, and 19.81; 95% CI, 1.58\u201316.91, 3.38\u201336.92, and 5.51\u201334.11). The prevalence of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) symptoms among 0\u20136\u2009years was significantly lower than among 7\u201317\u2009years and parents; there was no significant difference between 7 and 17\u2009years and parents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Even 6\u2009months after SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection, 22.8% of pediatric patients still had long\u2010COVID symptoms. Some of these symptoms were similar to those of ME\/CFS, potentially affecting children's QOL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.70042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T06:39:02Z","timestamp":1747204742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long\u2010\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    in children and their parents: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7985-2411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Iijima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pediatrics and Interdisciplinary Medicine National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo 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