{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T03:11:11Z","timestamp":1791083471984,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":308,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Runaway behavior, defined as leaving home without parental permission and not returning, is associated with adverse educational, physical, and mental health outcomes. In Japan, since around 2018, a group of runaway adolescents known as \u201cToyoko Kids\u201d has emerged in Tokyo's Kabukicho area, reportedly engaging in substance use, violence, and prostitution. This study aimed to examine the psychosocial characteristics of Toyoko Kids who were transported to emergency care due to impaired consciousness from drug overdose or alcohol intoxication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective chart review of eight female adolescents under 18\u2009years old, transported from Kabukicho to Keio University Hospital between June 2022 and August 2023. Inclusion criteria included having run away for at least two nights (or one night for those under 15) and being transported by a third party. A multidisciplinary team assessed psychosocial risks using a Bio\u2010Psycho\u2010Social model. Data on consciousness level, pregnancy, substance use, self\u2010harm, psychiatric history, family structure, school attendance, abuse, and child welfare involvement were analyzed and compared with national statistics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All subjects were female, aged 12\u201316. The most common reason for transport was impaired consciousness due to overdose, primarily involving over\u2010the\u2010counter medications. Self\u2010harm was confirmed in 86% and abuse in 67% of cases. Although several had prior psychiatric or welfare intervention, support was often temporary and insufficient. Most came from single\u2010parent households, and over half had a history of school absenteeism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified severe psychosocial vulnerabilities among Toyoko Kids. Findings highlight gaps in mental health and child protection systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.70248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T04:32:26Z","timestamp":1762403546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Toyoko Kids: A case series on the psychosocial backgrounds of eight runaway girls transported to emergency care in Tokyo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4032-1860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunichiro","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuto","family":"Baba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natsuko","family":"Tokita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikako","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine National Hospital Organization Kumamoto Medical Center  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Narumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019\u20103752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"National estimates of missing children: updated findings from a survey of parents and other primary caretakers","author":"Sedlak AJ","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019\u20102674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X12456406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1054\u2010139x(98)00071\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Be careful! 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