{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:57:19Z","timestamp":1790913439505,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":334,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although a seven\u2010day course of antibiotic therapy for ventilator\u2010associated pneumonia (VAP) is recommended for adult patients, the optimal duration in children remains unclear. Our study described the management of pediatric VAP by focusing on the treatment and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective cohort study in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary children's hospital. Children under 18 diagnosed with VAP between April 2016 and June 2023 were included. VAP was defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States criteria. Exclusion criteria included co\u2010infections or a lack of prior antibiotic therapy. Demographic and microbiological data were collected from medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ninety patients were eligible for enrollment. The median age was 19\u2009months (IQR: 10\u201369\u2009months) and 44% were girls. The median pediatric index of mortality\u20102 score was 4 (IQR: 1.3\u20138.6).\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most frequently isolated pathogen (28%), followed by\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (22%). The median length of antibiotic therapy was six days (IQR: 6\u20137\u2009days). Mortality on days 7 and 28 was 1% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091) and 6% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20095), without VAP\u2010related deaths. The recurrence rate was 10% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099). The median ventilation\u2010free and PICU\u2010free days at day 28 were 22 and 17, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most patients received a six to seven\u2010day course of antibiotic therapy without adverse outcomes. The recurrence rate and the ventilation\u2010free and PICU\u2010free days were equivalent to or better than those reported previously for adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.70262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T07:11:15Z","timestamp":1764659475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Duration of antibiotic therapy for pediatric ventilator\u2010associated pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5073-3227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aki","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7680-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanako","family":"Funakoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1477-1415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meiwa","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Emergency and Critical Care Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeko","family":"Miyokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5875-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuho","family":"Horikoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000000338"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2004.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"2514","volume-title":"Feigin and Cherry's textbook of pediatric infectious diseases","author":"Huskins WC","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.19.2588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-75608-2.00099-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"3576","volume-title":"Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principales and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Klimpas M","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2022.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) [homepage on the internet].Pneumonia (Ventilator\u2010associated [VAP] and non\u2010ventilator\u2010associated Pneumonia [PNEU]) Event. [Cited 2024 Jul 2]. Available from:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/6pscvapcurrent.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.6136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1601-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00582-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06776-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac784"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac809"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181ab8655"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201105-0867OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101880"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.03.035"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.70262","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ped.70262","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.70262","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:44:34Z","timestamp":1790912674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ped.70262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ped.70262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.70262","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1328-8067","1442-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1328-8067","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70262"}}