{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:51:27Z","timestamp":1789055487329,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019702","name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019702","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species are commensal organisms of the upper respiratory tract that only occasionally cause invasive infection. Pediatric\n                      <jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia is extremely rare, and its clinical features and optimal management remain poorly defined.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a single\u2010center, retrospective observational study at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center. Patients with blood cultures yielding\n                      <jats:italic>Moraxella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. between April 2010 and March 2024 were identified. Clinical and microbiological data were extracted from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was all\u2010cause 28\u2010day mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 24 patients (28 episodes) with blood cultures positive for\n                      <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>M. osloensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 13 episodes were excluded as contamination. Eleven patients (15 episodes) with confirmed bacteremia were analyzed: 8 episodes were due to\n                      <jats:italic>M. osloensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 7 to\n                      <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Two patients had recurrent episodes (one patient with congenital nephrotic syndrome had four episodes of\n                      <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia). Overall, 10 of 11 patients (91%) had underlying immunodeficiency. Central venous catheters were present in 6 of 8\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>M. osloensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      episodes, which were classified as catheter\u2010associated bacteremia. In the\n                      <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      group, pneumonia was the most likely focus in 2 of 7 episodes. Antimicrobial therapy commonly included cefepime or ampicillin\u2010sulbactam for\n                      <jats:italic>M. osloensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and cefotaxime or ampicillin\u2010sulbactam for\n                      <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The median duration of antimicrobial therapy was 14\u2009days in both groups. No patients required pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care and no 28\u2010day mortality occurred.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The patients with bacteremia due to\n                      <jats:italic>M. osloensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      or\n                      <jats:italic>M. catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      had favorable clinical outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.70342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T07:50:48Z","timestamp":1770105048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical characteristics of pediatric\n                    <i>Moraxella<\/i>\n                    bacteremia in a children's hospital"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3348-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonho","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiwa","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuho","family":"Horikoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Department of Pediatrics Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/QBB3AVCMGWA3K1XK"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/313595"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2017.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.2.390"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000992289503400305"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1408-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-022-04540-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2015.14185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.016378-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599376"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S36919"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181646d82"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01699978"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-46-5-360"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199911000-00005"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","first-page":"318","article-title":"Isolation of penicillin and streptomycin resistant strains of Moraxella osloensis","volume":"82","author":"Hansen W","year":"1974","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand B Microbiol Immunol"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics 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