{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:58:45Z","timestamp":1773017925870,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prostaglandin E\u2010major urinary metabolite (PGE\u2010MUM) is an emerging noninvasive biomarker used to evaluate clinical and endoscopic activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies have shown that PGE\u2010MUM values correlate with colonic inflammation in pediatric ulcerative colitis; however, reference values for children without inflammation have not been defined yet. This study aimed to determine the normal reference values of PGE\u2010MUM in healthy pediatric subjects without inflammatory conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between December 2018 and January 2022, we prospectively enrolled 221 participants (cross\u2010sectional study, aged 0\u201315\u2009years) who were undergoing growth hormone stimulation testing for diagnostic purposes and exhibited no symptoms of inflammation or elevated C\u2010reactive protein levels at a single pediatric center in Japan. PGE\u2010MUM values were measured using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay and assessed for age\u2010 and sex\u2010related differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 218 participants were included in the analysis. Based on age, the participants were classified as young children (2\u20136\u2009years,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009147) and older children (7\u201314\u2009years,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200966); the reference ranges for the two groups were identified as 18.4\u201358.7\u2009\u03bcg\/g\u00b7Cr and 12.4\u201350.3\u2009\u03bcg\/g\u00b7Cr, respectively. The PGE\u2010MUM values tended to decrease with increasing age; however, no significant sex\u2010related differences were observed (median 29.1\u2009\u03bcg\/g\u00b7Cr for boys versus 30.4\u2009\u03bcg\/g\u00b7Cr for girls).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Healthy pediatric subjects generally have higher PGE\u2010MUM values than healthy adults, with particularly elevated values in young children (2\u20136\u2009years). These observations suggest that age\u2010related variability must be taken into account when using PGE\u2010MUM as a biomarker in young children with ulcerative colitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.70355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:59:49Z","timestamp":1773014389000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age\u2010related variations in prostaglandin E\u2010major urinary metabolite values in Japanese children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5604-4251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takatoshi","family":"Maeyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Takashiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujirebio Inc.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayaha","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keinosuke","family":"Hizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryutaro","family":"Saura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuri","family":"Etani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2713-1329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin\u2010ichiro","family":"Hagiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital  Osaka 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