{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T22:49:48Z","timestamp":1782254988031,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":117,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the potential association between Kawasaki Disease (KD) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), real\u2010world clinical associations remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between KD and COVID\u201019 using a Japanese claims database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a Japanese claims database, we identified patients diagnosed with COVID\u201019 between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2022 and conducted the following two analyses: a nested case\u2013control study wherein each KD case was matched 1:4 to controls (without KD), and conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for COVID\u201019 exposure in the previous 1\u201330, 31\u201360, and 61\u201390\u2009days. In the self\u2010controlled case\u2010series (SCCS) analysis, the observation comprised the 120\u2009days before and after COVID\u201019 diagnosis (Day 0). We calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of three risk periods (Days 1\u201330, 31\u201360, 61\u201390) after Day 0 compared with the control periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nested case\u2013control analysis matched 134 cases with 536 controls. COVID\u201019 exposure was identified in 26.1% (35\/134) of cases and 7.3% (39\/536) of controls during the previous 1\u201330\u2009days (adjusted OR 7.8, 95% CI 3.2\u201319), and in 18.7% (25\/134) and 8.8% (47\/536) during the previous 31\u201360\u2009days (adjusted OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.0\u20136.5). SCCS analysis included 124 patients, revealing elevated IRRs on Days 1\u201330 (95% CI: 11 [6.0\u201320]), and 31\u201360 (6.9 [3.6\u201313]) after COVID\u201019 diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study found that COVID\u201019 was associated with the development of KD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.70420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:22:43Z","timestamp":1777378963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ascertaining the Kawasaki Disease\u2013Coronavirus Disease 2019 Linkage in a Japanese Administrative Claims Database"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8913-1864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Department of Social and Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Imai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6860-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideya","family":"Itagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Department of Social and Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Akaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makiko","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Department of Social and Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Division of the Crisis Management Network for Infectious Diseases Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiro","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Department of Social and Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"},{"name":"Division of the Crisis Management Network for Infectious Diseases Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University  Sendai Miyagi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.17533","article-title":"Impact of COVID\u201019 on Paediatric Care in Japan: Analysis of National Health Insurance Claims Data","volume":"114","author":"Ohnishi T.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-1015-2","article-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) in Children and\/or Adolescents: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"89","author":"Mantovani A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-093022-011839","article-title":"The Spectrum of Postacute Sequelae of COVID\u201019 in Children: From MIS\u2010C to Long COVID","volume":"11","author":"Kane A. 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K.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology International"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-021-01028-4","article-title":"Current Understanding of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS\u2010C) Following COVID\u201019 and Its Distinction From Kawasaki Disease","volume":"23","author":"Bukulmez H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Current Rheumatology Reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e461","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003641","article-title":"Updates on Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children in Japan","volume":"41","author":"Aizawa Y.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.70420","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ped.70420","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.70420","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T12:22:51Z","timestamp":1777378971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ped.70420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ped.70420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.70420","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1328-8067","1442-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1328-8067","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70420"}}