{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T07:51:48Z","timestamp":1781596308554,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":165,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The foramen magnum is the largest opening at the skull base. Congenital skeletal disorders such as achondroplasia can cause foramen magnum stenosis, leading to neurological problems. In high\u2010risk infants, repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to screen for or monitor stenosis. Ultrasound (US), already used for neonatal spinal assessment, may offer a non\u2010invasive method for evaluating the craniovertebral junction. However, to our knowledge, no studies have directly compared foramen magnum assessment between US and MRI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed neonates and infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) who underwent MRI between December 2023 and January 2025. Foramen magnum diameter (FMD) was measured in the mid\u2010sagittal view using a posterior cervical US approach by a single neonatologist. US measurements were compared with MRI measurements using Bland\u2013Altman analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty patients (median corrected age: 39.1\u2009weeks, 17 males) were evaluated. There was no significant difference between FMD measured by ultrasound and MRI (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.32). US measurements demonstrated excellent intra\u2010observer reliability (ICC [1, 3] =\u20090.95, 95% CI: 0.92\u20130.98), whereas MRI measurements showed moderate inter\u2010observer reliability (ICC [2, 1] =\u20090.65, 95% CI: 0.38\u20130.82). Bland\u2013Altman analysis showed a mean bias of 0.12\u2009mm (95% limits of agreement: \u22121.2 to +1.4\u2009mm), indicating minimal systematic bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Posterior cervical ultrasound provides FMD measurements in neonates and infants that closely match those obtained with conventional MRI. While US cannot replace MRI for definitive diagnosis, it may serve as a valuable, non\u2010invasive bedside tool for initial assessment and short\u2010term follow\u2010up of craniovertebral junction abnormalities during early infancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.70451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T06:53:59Z","timestamp":1781592839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Ultrasound and\n                    <scp>MRI<\/scp>\n                    for Measuring Foramen Magnum Diameter in Neonates and Infants: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2833-5078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kojiro","family":"Terada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yabusaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyosuke","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yui","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Umami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moemi","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikumi","family":"Yabuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Fusagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Daimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Ohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuro","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatal Medicine Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7961-9698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masanori","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroscience, Department of Physiology Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Tsugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minako","family":"Kihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology Tomakomai City Hospital  Tomakomai Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090\u20103019(85)90042\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37394"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005\u20101440"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381\u2010023\u201006005\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023\u2010023\u201002795\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12649"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247\u2010010\u20101635\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390\u2010020\u20100778\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2022.0066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild\u20102020\u2010319625"}],"container-title":["Pediatrics International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.70451","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ped.70451","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ped.70451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T06:54:00Z","timestamp":1781592840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ped.70451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ped.70451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ped.70451","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1328-8067","1442-200X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1328-8067","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-200X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70451"}}