{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:07:25Z","timestamp":1791418045702,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]],"date-time":"2012-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BK<\/jats:styled-content> virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BKV<\/jats:styled-content>) can be reactivated with immunosuppressive treatment in renal allograft recipients, which can result in interstitial nephritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BKV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010associated nephropathy, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BKVAN<\/jats:styled-content>) and lead to renal allograft failure. Recently, leflunomide has been reported in some case series of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BKVAN<\/jats:styled-content> with favorable results. Most studies have included only adult patients, we herein report a pediatric case and include a literature review. The patient was a nine\u2010yr\u2010old female with end\u2010stage renal disease due to hypoxic kidney injury. A deceased donor renal transplant was performed and good initial allograft function was achieved following treatment with prednisolone, tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. The serum Cr level increased to 1.6\u00a0mg\/dL over the following four\u2010month period. A kidney biopsy revealed pathologic findings of acute cellular rejection and BK nephropathy. After methylprednisolone pulse therapy was administered to control acute rejection, the tacrolimus dose was reduced, and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and leflunomide therapy were administered to control the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BKVAN<\/jats:styled-content>. Over the following 18\u00a0months, the viral load steadily decreased and remained below 100\u00a0copies\/mL in the plasma. Leflunomide therapy in addition to a reduction of the immunosuppressive therapies resulted in a significant decline in the BK viral load without further deterioration of renal function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]],"date-time":"2012-12-05T19:15:39Z","timestamp":1354734939000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Leflunomide therapy for <scp>BK<\/scp> virus allograft nephropathy after pediatric kidney transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Young H.","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung C.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong W.","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery Seoul National University Hospital Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang\u2010Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery Seoul National University Hospital Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il\u2010Soo","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae I.","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee G.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul 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