{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T08:47:12Z","timestamp":1784191632916,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]],"date-time":"2014-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1407196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microsporidia are an emerging group of pathogens associated with life\u2010threatening opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010infected individuals. There have, however, been recent reports of infection in adult solid organ transplant recipients. We report two cases in children, to our knowledge the first in the paediatric literature. Two 13\u2010yr\u2010old, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010seronegative females received deceased donor renal transplants from the same donor. Both patients suffered acute cell\u2010mediated rejection and CMV infection reactivation, managed with intensified immunosuppression and ganciclovir. Pyrexia of unknown origin and intermittent diarrhea in both prompted extensive investigations. In both patients, numerous spores of a microsporidial species were demonstrated in renal tissue on biopsy and in the urine, using modified trichrome and quick\u2010hot Gram\u2010chromotrope staining. Electron microscopy and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> confirmed <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>ncephalitozoon\u00a0cuniculi<\/jats:italic> infections. Both patients were successfully treated with 400\u00a0mg twice daily of albendazole, with sustained clinical improvement. We recommend that microsporidiosis be considered in the differential diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin in severely immunocompromised pediatric solid organ transplant recipients, particularly when associated with diarrhea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]],"date-time":"2014-08-05T10:17:57Z","timestamp":1407233877000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Microsporidiosis in pediatric renal transplant patients in <scp>C<\/scp>ape <scp>T<\/scp>own, <scp>S<\/scp>outh <scp>A<\/scp>frica: Two case reports"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9969-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taiwo A.","family":"Ladapo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Lagos and Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi\u2010Araba Lagos Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Nourse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Medicine Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital School of Child and Adolescent Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Komala","family":"Pillay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Health Laboratory Service Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Frean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centres for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, and Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases National Institute for Communicable Diseases Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Wits Research Institute for Malaria University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Birkhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centres for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, and Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases National Institute for Communicable Diseases Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavani","family":"Poonsamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centres for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, and Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases National Institute for Communicable Diseases Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Gajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Medicine Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital School of Child and Adolescent Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qco.0000244055.46382.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3062.2002.01011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2001.tb00058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01833-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2012.01580.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.2.243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Microsporidiosis. Molecular methods. 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