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Our primary objective was to evaluate biomarker and subcellular myocardial changes in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Fifty\u2010two\u2010week prospective, randomized (tacrolimus, Tac, vs. cyclosporine, CsA), open\u2010label, parallel group study. Serial myocardial biopsies were probed for mitogenic and pro\u2010inflammatory proteins. Plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress (F2\u03b1 isoprostanes, nitrotyrosine), and inflammation and oxidation (hs<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> and cystatin\u2010C) were measured. Nine of 11 randomized patients completed the study (four Tac, five CsA). Mean levels of F2\u03b1 isoprostanes, hs<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content>, and cystatin\u2010C were maximal at Week 2. Peak activation of all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MAP<\/jats:styled-content> kinases in myocardial tissue was maximal at Week 10; no association was seen with rejection. Cardiac Bax\/Bcl\u20102 levels (index of apoptosis) correlated negatively with F2\u03b1 isoprostanes at Week 2 (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.88) and with hs<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> at Week 52 (r\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.67). At Week 52, hs<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRP<\/jats:styled-content> levels correlated positively with molecular indices of cardiac cell growth. We found evidence of systemic and myocardial oxidative damage and inflammation early posttransplant, which may be related to the remodeling process. Further study is needed to better understand the cardiac and systemic repair processes following pediatric heart transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,13]],"date-time":"2014-08-13T14:25:01Z","timestamp":1407939901000},"page":"764-770","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Myocyte growth, repair, and oxidative stress following pediatric heart transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Anne I.","family":"Dipchand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Sick Children University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montreal Heart Institute University of Montreal Montreal Quebec 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