{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T19:33:53Z","timestamp":1779219233049,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Transplantation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRES<\/jats:styled-content> is a neuro\u2010clinical and radiological syndrome that can result as a consequence of several different conditions including hypertension, fluid overload, and immunosuppressive treatment. Herein, we report two children who received kidney and combined liver\u2013kidney transplantation as treatment for renal hypodysplasia associated with bilateral vesico\u2010ureteral reflux and methylmalonic acidemia, respectively. Early after surgery (seven and 10 days), both patients presented with hypertension and seizures. The patients' immunosuppressive regimen included steroid and calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and cyclosporine, respectively) and basiliximab and one with anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>2 receptor. In both cases, the imaging strongly supported the diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRES<\/jats:styled-content>. In details, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CT<\/jats:styled-content> scan showed hypodensities in the posterior areas of the brain, and brain <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> demonstrated parieto\u2010occipital alterations indicative of vasogenic edema. Treatment with calcineurin inhibitors was temporally discontinued and restarted at lower dosage; arterial hypertension was treated with Ca\u2010channel blockers. Both children fully recovered without any neurological sequels. In conclusion, in children undergoing solid organ transplantation, who develop neurological symptoms <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRES<\/jats:styled-content>, should be carefully considered in the differential diagnosis and once the diagnosis is ruled in, we recommend strict arterial blood pressure control and adjustment or withholding of calcineurin inhibitor therapy should be considered based upon blood levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,26]],"date-time":"2015-11-26T07:47:34Z","timestamp":1448524054000},"page":"68-71","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after kidney transplantation in pediatric recipients: Two cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Antenore","family":"Giussani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Trapianti di Rene Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Ardissino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi Pediatrica Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirco","family":"Belingheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Nefrologia e Dialisi Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robertino","family":"Dilena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Neurofisiopatologia Servizio di Epilettologia e Neurofisiopatologia Pediatrica Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Raiteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Trapianti di Rene Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pasciucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. Trapianti di Rene Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Colico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.O. 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